Akanyamakuru ka FDU-Inkingi - Nzeli 2012 - Akanyamakuru ka FDU-Inkingi - Nzeli 2012 |
NTA GACIRO K'UMUJA WA MPATSIBIHUGU, Dr Yohani Batista MBERABAHIZI - Umunyabanga Mukuru n'Umuvugizi. |
 | | Tariki ya 23 Kanama 2012, Pawulo Kagame yatangije ikigega intore ze zise « Agaciro Development Fund ». Hari hashize iminsi mike, Leta zimuhatse zihagaritse akayabo k'amadolari zimuha buri mwaka, kubera ko yanze gukora ibyo bamutegetse : gufata Gen. Ntaganda Bosiko, nawe ubwe yari asigaye akoresha kuva mu mwaka w'i 2009, mu dutambara tw'urudaca no gusahura umabuye y'agaciro mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, agashyikirizwa Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga (International Criminal Court).
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Mu ijambo rye, yabeshye abanyarwanda, nk'uko asanzwe abigenza, ko icyo kigega kidafite aho gihuriye n'inkunga igera kuri miliyoni 150 z'amadolari ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika (ahwanye na miliyari 90 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda), abamuhatse bahagaritse, bagamije kumuha isomo. Nyamara nta kindi cyabimuteye kuko iyo bitaza kuba ibyo, Leta ye ntiba yarategereje ko bayihagarikira inkunga kugirango igire icyo ikora. Muri nimero ishize, mu nyandiko yari mu rurimi rw'igifaransa yari ifite umutwe ugira uti, « Qui sont les ennemis du changement ? », ni ukuvuga « Abanzi b'impinduka dukeneye ni bande ? », nagaragaje ko ari agatsiko k'abasirikare, kagaragiwe n'abanyanduruburi babarirwa ku mitwe y'intoki, bose bakiyambaza injijuke z'intagondwa, zamunzwe n'irondakoko. Tariki ya 27 Kanama 2012, Ministiri w'imari akanaba ari nawe munyakigega wa Kagame, Rwangombwa Yohani (mwene Rwangombwa Chrysostome wahoze ari umuyobozi w'ishyaka UNAR ryari rishyigikiye ingoma ya cyami), yatangaje ko isosiyete « Rwanda Mountain Tea Ltd » ariyo iri ku isonga ry'abikorera mu gutanga umusanzu muri icyo kigega. Yagishyizemo miliyoni 190 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda. Ntibitangaje ariko. Kuko iyo sosiyete iri ku isonga ry'abanyanduruburi hakaba agaco k'abantu bahoze ari abaforoderi, ku ngoma ya FPR-Inkotanyi bakaba barabaye abagaga b'icyitiriro, kuko akenshi imari batunze bayitunze ku izina rya FPR-Inkotanyi. Muri abo, uri ku isonga ubu akaba ari GATERA EGIDE, umukwe w'umugaba w'ingabo zirwanira ku butaka, Gen. Maj. Kamanzi Mushyo. Nyuma y'aho, Isanduku y'Ubwiteganyirize bw'Abakozi nayo yatanze miliyoni zisaga 300 ikura mu mafaranga y'abiteganyiriza, amafaranga y'abakozi b'u Rwanda. Ibi byose bikaba birimo gukorwa ku ngufu, n'ubwo babeshya rubanda ngo ni gutanga inkunga ni ubushake. Nta bushake bubaho mu gihugu kigenzurwa n'intasi z'ubwoko bwose, aho umuturage adacira, ntanamire ! Gushaka gushingira ubukungu ku bushake n'ubushobozi bw'abagituye ni ibisanzwe. Ikibazo ni iyo ababikora basanzwe barangwa no gukorera mpatsibihugu, bakabivuga biterera hejuru gusa, kubera ko Leta zibahatse zabaharurutswe kubera impamvu zazo bwite. Pawulo Kagame nicyo kibazo ateye. Ikindi kandi ni uko atari uko bikorwa. Ubukungu ntabwo bugendera ku marangamutima. Bugendera ku bintu bifatika. Kubeshyabeshya ntabwo bicunga umutungo n'imari by'igihugu. Ikindi giteye inkeke ni uko abitwa ko ari abashoramari b'abanyarwanda mu by'ukuri ari udukingirizo tw'induruburi za FPR-Inkotanyi, nayo yafashe ku ngufu ibya rubanda, ibiteza cyamunara igamije kubyigabira. Igihatse ibi byose ariko ni umuco ukomoka ku ngoma ya cyami, mu biyitaga imfura, iyo usensenguye neza inkomoko y'ibyo ababakomokaho bari ku ngoma ya Kagame Pawulo bita « kwihesha agaciro ». Kwihesha agaciro cyangwa kurata inkovu z'imiringa ? Iyo Pawulo Kagame avuga kwihesha agaciro, ushobora gukeka ko ari ibisanzwe. Ko ashaka kuvuga kwanga umugayo cyangwa kwanga agasuzuguro. Byahe byo kajya. Kuko iyo aza kuba yanga agasuzuguro kandi yanga umugayo, atari kujya muri Kongo, atumwe na mpatsibihugu, guhirika Prezida LD Kabila ku nyungu zabo. Ni ukuvuga ko abikura ahandi. Abikura ku muco w'umuryango akomokamo. Ntibitangaje ku mwuzukuruza wa Cyigenza, musaza wa Nyirayuhi Kanjogera, umugabekazi w'u Rwanda kugeza Musinga akuwe ku ngoma n'Ababirigi. Ntibitagaje ku muhugu wa Rutagambwa, waguye mu buhungiro, akamusigana na nyina mu nkambi y'impunzi, kandi yari afite umuryango ukomeye, nyinawabo Rozaliya Gicanda wari umugore w'umwami. Ababaye mu buhungiro muri za 60, bazi ukuntu bamwe mu bahoze bahanze ku ngoma ya cyami, bageze hanze y'u Rwanda, aho kugirango bamenyere ubuzima bw'ubuhunzi, bagomeza kwitwara nk'aho bakiri ku butegetsi , ari naho bakura imvugo yo 'kurata inkovu z'imiringa'. Kurata inkovu y'imiringa ni ukwiyemera kandi ubutunzi wari ufite bwarayoyotse. Barangwaga n'ibintu bibiri : ubworo no kurata inkovu z'imiringa. Ngaho aho iyi mvugo yo « kwihesha agaciro » ituruka. Ishingiye ku mico y'abatware bo hambere ku ngoma za cyami z'abanyiginya. Ntishingiye ku kumenya ibibazo biriho no kubishakira umuti uvana ingufu mu benegihugu bose. Niyo mpamvu imvugo ya Pawulo Kagame atariyo ngiro ye. Ntiwaba umuja wa mpatsibihugu, ngo utere intambara mu baturanyi ubakorera, umara abana b'u Rwanda, utanaretse n'ababaturanyi, ngo noneho ba shobuja nibakujugunya nk'umwenda wanduye, uhindukire usabe abanyarwanda kwitesha agaciro kandi ari wowe wakabatesheje mbere hose, uhindura igihugu agatebo kayora ivu rya mpatsibihugu. Leta ya FPR inkotanyi imaze imyaka 18 itunzwe n'amahanga kugeza magingo aya. Ingengo yayo y'imari ishingiye ku mpano n'inguzanyo z'amahanga zikabakaba 50%. Leta ya FPR-Inkotanyi ntishobora kuziba icyuho yaterwa n'ihagarikwa ry'imfashanyo Kuva u Rwanda rwabaho, nta na rimwe rwigeze rutungwa n'amahanga nko ku ngoma ya Kagame. Ingengo y'imari yayo uyu mwaka w'i 2012-2013, ihwanye na miliyari ebyiri z'amadolari y'amanyamerika. Kuri ayo, kimwe cya kabiri, ni ukuvuga miliyari imwe y'amadolari (miliyari zirenga 600 z'amanyarwanda), gikomoka ku mpano n'inguzanyo z'amahanga. Ayo mafaranga ni menshi cyane. Kubwira Abanyarwanda, basanzwe bugarijwe n'imisoro n'imisanzu y'urudaca, ko bashobora kuyareka, ibintu bigakomeza uko byamye, ni ukubeshya nka Semuhanuka. Ntibishoboka. Iriya nkunga y'amahanga ihwanye na miliyari 600, iramutse ihagaze, icyo cyuho cyatera ingorane zikomeye mu rwego rw'ubukungu. Gahunda nyinshi za Leta zahagarara. Ifaranga ry'u Rwanda ryata agaciro. Ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa cyane byose byakwiyongera, cyane cyane ibikomoka kuri peteroli n'ibindi byose bitumizwa hanze. Gutwara abantu n'ibintu bigahenda, nabyo bigatuma ibicuruzwa bikomoka mu gihugu nabyo bihenda. Abaturage bakarira ayo kwarika, n'ubwo n'ubundi bapfuye bahagaze. Izamuka ry'ibiciro byatera ryatuma badashobora kugura byinshi, ibicuruzwa bikagabanyuka, imisoro yavaga ku byaguzwe nayo igakendera, n'ayo Leta yavanaga ku misoro ku bicuruzwa (hafi miliyari 200 z'amanyarwanda) agekendera. Ibi byatuma abashoramari bo hanze bataza mu Rwanda, n'abari bahari bakigira mu bindi bihugu, n'imisoro yaturukaga ku masosiyete nayo igakendera, uretse ko n'ubundi ari mike cyane (miliyari 86 gusa). Ibi nta muntu n'umwe uzi ubwenge. Iyo rero babyirengagije, bakabeshya Abanyarwanda ko ahubwo ngo byatuma bakora ku rushaho, ngo ubukungu bugatera imbere kurushaho, ni ukubeshya rubanda, nawe utiretse, ndetse ni no gushinyagura. Mu kiganiro James Kabarebe aherutse kugirana n'umunyamakuru w'umubirigi Colette Braeckmann, yavuze ko ngo niyo imfashanyo zashira, u Rwanda rwakomeza gutera imbere nta kabuza. Ibyo ni ukubeshya ariko ni no kwibeshya. Gucuza rubanda n'utwo bari basigaranye ni uguhuhura uwasambaga Umunsi kiriya kigega gishyirwaho, hakusanyijwe amafaranga asaga gato miliyari imwe. Kuziba icyuho cyaterwa n'ihagarikwa ry'inkunga y'amahanga byasaba ko ayo mafaranga yikuba inshuro 600 kandi ibyo bigakorwa buri mwaka. Gucuza rubanda ayo mafaranga birakomeje. Iyo urebye intera bigezeho, birashoboka ko mu haboneka nka miliyari 60 z'amanyarwanda uyu mwaka, yaba ahwanye gusa na 10% z'icyo cyuho. Ni ukuvuga ko kukiziba byabatwara imyaka icumi, abantu bakomeje gutanga uko babikoze nk'uko babikoze mu mwaka wa mbere, uretse ko bitanabashobokera bitewe n'uko ubukungu bwaba bwifashe nabi, inkunga y'amahanga iramutse ihagaze burundu. Ikindi kandi n'iyo urebye aho imisanzu ivugwa ituruka, ubona ko harimo kurindagiza rubanda. Kugeza ubu, Isanduku y'Ubwiteganyirize bw'Abakozi niyo imaze gutanga menshi, hafi miliyoni 300. Ariko isanzwe n'ubundi ariyo iguriza Leta. Amafaranga itanga rero ni ay'abakozi kandi aribo n'ubundi bari basanzwe batunze Leta kuko imisoro ifatwa ku bakozi igera kuri miliyari hafi 170, ikaba ariyo igize igice kinini cy'imisoro. Ni ukuvuga ko amafaranga yagakoreshejwe mu kworohereza abiteganyirije, asubira mu mifuka ya Leta, kandi isanzwe aribo ikama. Ni ugukama iyatetse mu by'ukuri. Abandi batanze menshi ni Rwanda Mountain Tea Ltd yatanze miliyoni 190. Ayo mafaranga n'ubundi yagombye kuba yinjira mu isanduku ya Leta, aturutse ku nyungu z'amasosiyete ya Leta ahinga agatunganya icyayi ya Rubaya, Nyabihu, Kitabi, Gisakura na Mata, iyo Leta ya FPR-Inkotanyi itaza kubyifatira, ibeshya ko ibyeguriye abikorera ku giti cyabo, yihishe inyuma y'umucuruzi Gatera Egide. Nta n'icyemeza ko ayo mafaranga yatanzwe koko, kuko ushobora gusanga ari no kushyushya imitwe y'abandi bacuruzi gusa, bagamije kubakuramo amafaranga, ngo aha barahiganwa na Rwanda Mountain Tea Ltd. Kuvuga ngo BNR yatanze amafaranga miliyoni 30 (ngo yiyongera ku yatanzwe n'abakozi bayo 280) byo ni ugusetsa imikara. Banki y'Igihugu akazi kayo ni ugucunga ifaranga no kureba uko amabanki akora mu gihugu. Umurimo wayo rero ntiwanatuma itanga arenze ayo, ubona ko ari ayo kwikiza agatsiko kayoboye Leta. Abayiyoboye bazi neza ingaruka zaterwa n'ihagarikwa ry'inkunga ku ifaranga ry'u Rwanda by'umwihariko no kubukungu bwarwo muri rusange. Urwishigishiye ararusoma Icyateye izi ngorane zose ni uko Pawulo Kagame yateje intambara batamutumye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Ni uko kandi yari asanzwe n'ubundi yarahinduye u Rwanda n'abanyarwanda ashora mu ntambara ze, ibikoresho bya mpatsibihugu. Kuba rero barashatse kumuha isomo, ni ikibazo yagombye kwirengera we ubwe n'abo basangiye. Byose byatewe n'iki ? Byose byatewe n'uko n'ubundi aribo bamushyize ku ngoma. Intwaro FPR-Inkotanyi yakoresheje irwana, yazivanaga muri Uganda. Uganda nayo yahabwaga imfashanyo n'izo nteko za mpatsibihugu, zikicecekera, ntizite cyane ku buryo inkunga zitanga zikoreshwa. Aho amariye kwica Prezida Habyarimana, agashoza intambara, abakorera mpatsibihugu benshi bateye FPR-Inkotanyi inkunga. Muri bo harimo Leta ya Etiyopiya yari iyobowe n'undi mukozi wa mpatsibihugu, Meles Zenawi, uherutse gupfa. Nawe yahawe inkunga ikomeye cyane muri iyi myaka ishize, kubera akazi bamutumaga gukora mu karera. Ntibitangaje rero kuba Pawulo Kagame yarasabye ko bamwunamira bamwibuka, umunsi atangiza ku mugaragaro kiriya kigega yita icyo 'kwihesha agaciro'. Ntiwamara imyaka 18 witesha agaciro, ngo bucye ubwira abantu ko bagomba 'kukwubaha'. Koko rero urwishigishiye, ararusoma. Kandi n'ubundi 'uwigize agatebo ayora ivu'. Amaherezo ni ayahe ? Pawulo Kagame ageze mu mayira abiri : gukomeza kuyora ivu cyangwa kwivumbura ku bamuhatse. Iyo uroye neza, ubona atakimenya ikimuhatse. N'ubwo yirirwa yidoga, ntashobora kwivumbura ku bamuhatse. Ibyo avuga bigamije gusa gushyushya imitwe y'Abanyarwanda kandi nyamara ntaho ashingiye. Ibi biragarira mu bikorwa. Nubwo yitotombera i Kigali, yirirwa yohereza intumwa mu mahanga zo kujya gutakamba, yisobanura, avuga ko bamubeshyera, ko nta ruhare yigeze agira mu ntambara ibera mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Yabanje guhakana aratsemba ngo nta ngabo yigeze yohereza muri icyo gihugu, kugeza ubwo ministiri we w'ingabo yiyemereye ko izo ngabo ziriyo koko kuva muri Mutarama 2009, ndetse hashira iminsi mike agatumira abanyamakuru ngo bazaze kureba uko « zitahuka » tariki ya 1 Nzeri 2012. Birumvikana ariko kuko yahiye ubwoba, yumvise ko ngo Umuryango w'Ubukungu w'Ibihugu by'Afrika y'Amajyepfo (SADC) ugiye kwohereza ingabo muri icyo gihugu. Byabayemo gutanguranwa, ngo batazafatirwa mpiri muri Kongo. Ikindi kandi kugeza magingo aya, intore za FPR-Inkotanyi ziracyari abakozi ba mpatsibihugu aho bazituma kubungabunga inyungu zabo, ariko bitwa ko bahagarariye Afrika. Donald Kaberuka aracyabakorera muri Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere. Ambasaderi Mutaboba aracyari intumwa yihariye y'Umunyamabanga Mukuru w'Umuryango w'Abibumbye muri Gineya-Bisau. Ayisa Kirabo Kakira, wahoze ari umuyobozi w'Umujyi wa Kigali, aracyari umuyobozi mu ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye rishinzwe imiturire. Valentine Sendanyoye Rugwabiza, aracyari umuyobozi mukuru wungirije w'Umuryango w'Ubucuruzi ku Isi (World Trade Organization) aho ahagariye inyungu za mpatsibihugu yitwikiriye ko akomoka muri Afrika. Ingabo za Kagame ziracyari mu butumwa bunyuranye bwa mpatsibihugu muri Sudani, muri Sudani y'Amajyepfo no muri Haiti. Muri make, ibigambo Pawulo Kagame amaze iminsi avuga, ni nk'uburakari bw'imboga butotsa inkono kandi ni ugukangata gusa, ariko mu by'ukuri azakomeza kuyora ivu, kuko ariho Leta ya FPR-Inkotanyi ishingiye. Niyo Pawulo Kagame nk'umuntu bamurambirwa, bakamujugunya nk'uko babikoreye abandi baja babo muri Afrika bamubanjirije, umurimo yakoraga hari abagaragaje ko bifuza kuwukora batajijinganya nkawe, bamurwanya nk'umuntu, ariko batarwanya Leta ya FPR-Inkotanyi, bitwikiriye uruho rwa « opposition ». Abanyarwanda bagomba gukanguka. Bakamenya neza ingorane zabo abazibatera. Inkunga Leta ya Kagame ibona, yakomeza gutangwa, yahagarikwa, Abanyarwanda bagomba kumenya ko u Rwanda ari igihugu cyabo, ko aribo bagomba kugena ukiyobora. Kwemera ko inteko z'amahanga zihora zigena uyobora u Rwanda, bigomba gucika burundu. Kubihagarika burundu, si ukwivumbura kudashyitse kwa Pawulo Kagame wabateje ibyago bitavugwa afatanyije n'inteko z'amahanga zimuhatse kandi zamwimitse, ahubwo ni ugufata ubutegetsi bwose, bakabwisubiza. Abanyarwanda bakwiye kandi kumenya kureba ingiro, bakareka kwita ku mvugo. Kwihesha agaciro ni byo, ariko ntabyo byashingira ku bwibone bw'agatsiko kagaragiye Pawulo Kagame. Bigomba gushingira ku bushake bwa rubanda kandi bikava ku butegetsi bwa rubanda aho kuba imvugo y'ibinyoma gusa, igamije gushimisha ubwibone bw'udutsiko dusanzwe tugendera ku bwibone bushingiye ku bwoko. Dr Yohani Batista Mberabahizi Umunyamabanga Mukuru akaba n'Umuvugizi |
ESE KOKO INGOMA YA KAGAME YABA IGEZE MU MAREMBERA? Eugène NDAHAYO - Perezida w'Inzibacyuho |
Mu myaka 18 yose Kagame amaze ku butegetsi, mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi y'uyu mwaka w'i 2012 ni bwo bwa mbere ubona Abanyarwanda bafite icyizere ko ingoma ya Kagame/FPR ishobora guhirima. Urahura n'umunyarwanda mu nzira, mu misa, mu minsi mikuru, muri bisi cyangwa se uranyarukira kuri murandasi…hose ibyishimo ni byinshi, intero ni imwe : Kagame ibye byarangiye ! Ababivuga bose bishingikiriza cyane cyane kw'ihagarikwa ry'imfashanyo ibihugu byinshi by'amahanga byageneraga u Rwanda, muri ibyo bihugu hakaba harimo na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika n'Ubwongereza bisanzwe bizwiho kuba ari byo byateretse FPR ku butegetsi ndestse bikaba muri iyi myaka 18 ishize ari byo byakomeje kuyikingira ikibaba igihe cyose hagiye hagaragara ibikorwa by'ihonyora rirenze urugero ry'ikiremwa muntu, no gushoza intambara zidahosha mu karere k'ibiyaga bigali zirangwa n'ubwibacanyi ndengakamere. | |  |
Nibutse ko ihagarikwa ry'izo mfashanyo ryaje ari inkurikizi ya Raporo y'agateganyo y'Impuguke za Loni yasohotse muri Nyakanga y'uyu mwaka ; iyo Raporo ikaba yemeza ko u Rwanda/Kagame ari rwo ruri inyuma y'inyeshyamba za M23 zigometse kuri Leta ya Congo ubu zikaba zimaze kwigarurira agace kanini k'Amajyaruguru y'Intara ya Kivu. Ikibazo cy'izo nyeshamba cyari gisanzwe gitutumba kikaba cyaraturitse ubwo Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha (CPI) na bimwe mu bihugu by'ibihangange kw'isi byagaragaje noneho ubushake bwo guta muri yombi jenerali NTAGANDA Jean Bosco ndetse bigatangira kwotsa igitutu Leta ya Congo yari yarakomeje kumukingira ikibaba. Leta ya Congo imwimana yabisobanuraga yitwaje amasezerano yari yaragiranye na CNDP muri 2008 igihe undi mu jenerali, NKUNDA Laurent, na we yashakaga kwigaruririra Intara ya Kivu yitwaje kurengera ubwoko bw'Abatutsi. Icyo gihe Kagame, abitegetswe n'Abanyamerika n'Abongereza, yafashe jenerali NKUNDA bavuga ko afungishijwe ishisho mu Rwanda. I-Ihagarikwa ry'imfashanyo rishaka kuvuga iki ? Si ubwa mbere Kagame ashyirwa mu majwi. Kuva FPR yafata ubutegetsi Loni n'imiryango iyishamikiyeho, tutibagiwe n'imiryango myinshi iharanira uburenganzira bw'ikiremwa muntu, ntibyahwemye gusohora amaraporo ariko ibihugu by'ibihangange nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika bikabyitambikamo (Raporo ya Gersony, Raporo y'ibyabereye i Kibeho, Raporo za Garreton,Raporo za Human Rights Watch, Amnesty international, Reporters sans frontières). Usibye n'izo raporo nyinshi kandi zinyuranye, muri 2006, umucamanza w'umufaransa, Jean Louis Bruguière, arangije iperereza kw'ihanurwa ry'indege ryahitanye abaperezida babili bo muri Africa, Habyarimana w'u Rwanda na Ntaryamira w'u Burundi, yasohoye inyandiko zo gufata ibyegera 9 bya Kagame abishinja kugira uruhare muri icyo gikorwa cy'iterabwoba isi yose ubu yemera ko ari cyo mbarutso ya jenoside; ibyo bihugu byaricecekeye na n'ubu abo bicanyi bose barakidegembya ari na ko bamwe muri bo bakomeza kurimbura imbaga y'inzirakarengane! Nyuma y'aho muri 2008, umucamanza w'umusipanyoli, Fernando Andreu Merelles, arangije iperereza ku bwicanyi bwahitanye aba Sipangoli mu Rwanda n'ubwicanyi bwarimbuye imbaga itabarika mu nkundura ya FPR yo gufata ubutegestsi guhera muri za 90 n'intambara zo muri Congo na we yasohoye inyandiko zo gufata aba ofisiye bakuru b'Inkotanyi bakoze ayo marorerwa; na bwo ibyo bihugu byarabwitse! Muri 2010, FDU-Inkingi yagerageje kwiyandikisha nk'ishyaka ryemewe n'amategeko n'Umuyobozi Mukuru waryo, Victoire INGABIRE UMUHOZA, asubira mu Rwanda yifuza gupiganwa na Kagame mu matora ya Prezida wa Repubulika ; igisubizo cyabaye gutotezwa kugeza n'aho Victoire afungwa (agiye kumaramo imyaka ibili) ; bamwe mu bayobozi b'andi mashyaka baricwa (Rwisereka we banamuciye umutwe), abandi nka Mushayidi na Bernard na bo barafungwa, abanyamakuru na bo babirayemo si ugufungwa no kwica karahava… Muri uwo mwaka wa 2010 ni na bwo hasohotse Raporo yiswe Mapingi ishinja Kagame n'ingabo ze kuba barakoze jenoside y'impunzi z'abahutu muri Congo. Ariko amahanga yakomeje kwinumira! Muri ibyo bihe byose, nta gikorwa Amahanga yigeze agaragaza usibye kuvuga amagambo y'urwiyerurutso. Abakunze gukurikira baribuka amagambo y'uwahoze ari Minisitiri w'ububanyi n'amahanga w'Ububiligi ubwo muri 2008 yagendereraga akarere k'ibiyaga bigali agatunga agatoki ku bulyo budasubirwaho u Rwanda arushinja kuba ari rwo rubangamira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'amasezerano ya Nairobi (hagati ya Leta ya Congo na CNDP) ndetse akagerekaho ko imishyikirano ya Leta ya Kigali na FDLR ari ngombwa kugirango Congo ishobore kugira amahoro arambye (Yaje kwisubiraho avuga ko bari bamumvishe nabi). Mbere ya Minisitiri Karel De Gunt, uwari umaze gutorerwa kuba Umunyamabanga w'Umuryango w'Abibumbye, Ban-Kimoon, nyuma gato atangiye imirimo ye yatangaje muri Nyakanga 2007 ko nta mahoro ashobora kugerwaho mu karere k'Ibiyaga bigali igihe cyose nta demokarasi izaba iri mu Rwanda. Nyamara Raporo Mapingi imaze gusohoka (na bwo bimwe muri ibyo bihugu bitabishaka), Ban-Kimoon yaraye agenda ijoro ryose bucya ageze i Kigali aho yari ajyanywe no gupfukamira Kagame wari umuze kwigagaza avuga ko niba iyo Raporo idasubiwemo agiye kuvana ingabo ze muri Darfour. Icyo gihe muri za 2008 na 2010 na bwo bamwe mu Banyarwanda bavugije akamo ndetse bahita basaba imishyikirano n'ubutegetsi bwa Kagame ! Nta cyo byatanze. Impamvu nta yindi ni uko buri gihe biyibagiza ko kugirango Leta y'igitugu ishobore kuba yakwemera imishyikirano ari uko yaba imaze guhashywa ku bulyo bugaragara n'abayirwanya (hanze n'imbere mu gihugu). Mu mpera z'umwaka ushize ni bwo mu rwego rw'amahanga umuntu yavuga ko hatewe intabwe ubwo Susane Rice yagiye mu ruzinduko mu Rwanda agataka amajyambere amaze kugerwaho ariko akarangiza anenga atarya iminwa inigwa rya demokarasi n'ihohoterwa ry'ikiremwa muntu. Kubera gushyekerwa no kutamenyera imvugo nk'iyo, Kagame yahise atomboka amavunderezaho ibitutsi nk'uko asanzwe mu burere bwe bucye. Ejo bundi ubwo Stephan Rapp yavugaga ko Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rushobora gufata icyemezo cyo gukurikirana abayobozi b'u Rwanda bafite uruhare mu midugararo ya M23, mu gihe ibihugu bimwe byari bimaze gutangaza ko byafashe icyemezo cyo guhagarika imfashanyo byageneraga u Rwanda, ni ho ubutegetsi bwa Kagame bwumvise ko ibintu bitangiye gukomera. Nk'uko bigaragara ariko icyahagurikije biriya bihugu si demokarasi mu Rwanda cyangwa ibikorwa by'ubwicanyi n'ubundi bugizi bwa nabi Kagame na Leta ye bakorera Abanyarwanda. Iyo biba ibyo amaraporo yasohotse kugeza ubu ku marorerwa abera mu Rwanda no muri Congo, byari bihagije ngo amahanga abe yarafashe mbere hose ibyemezo nk'ibyo yafashe muri iki gihe ndetse anafashe Abanyarwanda kwigobotora ingoma y'igitugu n'abicanyi nk'uko byagenze kuli Kadafi. Impamvu rero iri ahandi. Muri iki gihe ubukungu bw'isi bwifashe nabi, ku bulyo n'ibihugu by'ibihangange kw'isi n'ibindi bikize na byo bitagifite amikoro ahagije, cyane ko hejuru y'ibibazo by'ubukungu ibyo bihugu bifite n'ibibazo by'intambara n'iterabwoba (terrorisme) hirya no hino kw'isi, cyane mu bihugu bifite umutungo kamere bikeneye, inyungu za byo (Abanyamerika n'Abongereza) mu karere k'ibiyaga bigali ntizigikeneye imidugararo muri Congo. Bakeneye ko haba umutekano bagakomeza gucukura no gusahura nta nkomyi kandi nta we bagabana. Nta nyungu n'imwe bagifite mu ntambara za hato na hato za Kagame kuva aho Kabila yemereye gusubira mu maserano y'ibinombe by'amabuye y'agaciro n'ubundi bukungu. Ntibikiri ngombwa rero guca kuri Kagame kugira ngo bagere ku byo bashaka. Igihe bari bakibikeneye, baramukoresheje bahirika Mobutu bimika Laurent Désiré Kabila. Inyishyu yabaye kureka Kagame arimarima impunzi z'abahutu muri Congo no gusahura umutungo w'icyo gihugu. Aho Mzee Kabila yivumburiye nawe bidateye kabili baramwirengeje bamusimbuza umuhungu we. Na we ubwe bari bamupangiye (ni Kagame ubyivugira) iyo atabaha ibyo bashaka. Kagame ubu icyo bamukeneyeho si uguteza akaduruvayo nka mbere, ni ukurinda umutekano w'inyungu zabo mu karere. Iyo witegereje neza rero hari impamvu nibura eshatu zatumye ibihugu by'Amahanga noneho bifata icyemezo cyo guhagarika imfashanyo : i-Amahanga ntiyashakaga kwongera guseba imbere ya Kagame nk'uko byagenze igike cya Raporo Mapingi ubwo yabatunguraga akabatanga akaba ari we ubafatira ibihano mbere y'uko bo batekereza kugira ikindi bakora ! ii-Imyitwarire n'ibikorwa bya Kagame bimaze gutera isoni ibihugu byakomeje kumushyigikira bititangiriye itama. Gukoresha igitugu, kuniga demokarasi, kwica no gufunga abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, kwica no gufunga abanyamakuru, guhora ateza intambara z'urudaca muri Congo, amaraporo adasiba ya Loni n'imiryango mpuzamahanga kw'ihonyorwa ndengakamere ry'uburenganzira bw'ikiremwa muntu... byangiza isura y'ibihugu bimushyikiye. Ni ngombwa rero ko niba ibyo bihugu bivuga ko bigendera kuri demokarasi kandi bikanubahiriza uburenganzira bw'ikiremwa muntu, byirinda guhora bitungwa agatoki hejuru y'amarerorwa y'umuntu isi yose imaze kumenya ko ari igikoresho cya byo. Byari ngombwa rero ko bigira icyo bivuga ku bimenyetso binyuranye byakomeje kugenda bishyira Kagame na Leta mu majwi mu marorerwa yo muri Kongo kuva kera. iii-Indi mpamvu ishoboka ni uko ibya M23 Kagame yaba atarabyumvikanyeho n'abo asanzwe akorera kubera kwiyemera bikabije akeka ko nta ngaruka bizagira nk'uko bisanzwe (ba Mutebusi, RCD, ba Nkunda…), noneho na bo bashaka kumusubiza mu mwanya we. Ibyo ari byo byose igikorwa cyo guhagarika imfashanyo ni ubulyo bwo kumukebura bakomeje, bwo kumucira amarenga ko bishobora kugera kure, bwo kumwibutsa icyatumye aba icyo ari cyo ubu no kumugira inama yo kumenya gusoma ibihe. Koko rero muri iyi myaka 18 ishize, ibihe byarahindutse. Impamvu ibihugu bimwe by'Amahanga byashyigikiye intambara y'inkotanyi muri 90-94 ndetse guhera muri 94 kugeza vuba aha hafi ya byose bigashyigikira buhumyi ubutegetsi bw'Inkotanyi kubera jenoside zarahindutse. Kagame na Leta ye ntibagishobora kwisunga Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika n'Ubwongereza, nk'uko byahoze. Ingufu yakuraga mu ihangana n'Ubufaransa zarashize. Kuko Ubufaransa butagifite inyungu mu ihangana n'ibyo bihugu bindi by'iburengerazuba. Bwahisemo gukorana nabyo aho guhangana. Iki ni ikintu gikomeye cyane. Mbere y'aho igikorwa nk'iki cyo guhagarikira Kagame imfashanyo nticyashobokaga. Hahindutse iki ? Imiterere y'imibanire hagati y'amahanga ku isi yarahindutse cyane Muri 94, Kagame afata Leta akigira Visi Prezida, yihishe inyuma ya Pasteri Bizimungu, isi yari imaze imyaka itatu ivuye mu ntambara yari imaze imyaka irenga 50, yaranzwe n'ihangana hagati y'ibihugu by'ibihangange byo mu Burengera-zuba byari birongowe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika n'ibihugu by'ibihangange by'iburasirazuba byari birongowe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti (yitwaga URSS). Iyo ntambara yahagaze muri 89 igihe muri Republika Iharanira Demokarasi y'Ubudage (yitwaga RDA) ubutegetsi bwaho bwahirimaga. Iyo ntambara yarangiye burundu muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti zihinduye imirishyo muri 92. Hari uwakwibwira ko ibi ntaho bihuriye n'ikibazo cy'u Rwanda. Ariko, mu by'ukuri, kubyumva cyangwa kubibona gutyo ni ukwibeshya. Ibi byagize ingaruka zikomeye cyane ku mateka y'Afrika, cyane cyane mu Karere k'Ibiyaga Bigari u Rwanda rurimo. Mbere ya 92, isaranganya ry'imirimo ryariho hagati y'ibihugu by'iburengerazuba bw'isi ryari rishingiye mu ntambara bari bafatanije yo gukumira Abakomunisti, ryarahindutse. Afrika yari isanzwe ari umugabane washinzwe Ubufransa, Ubwongereza, Portugal n'Ububirigi. Buri gihugu kigacunga ko inyungu z'ibihugu by'iburengerazuba, gishingiye ku bihugu cyari cyarakolonije. Aho Portugal n'Ububirigi bigiriye intege nkeya cyane, Afrika yasigaye ari akarere gacungwa n'Ubufransa n'Ubwongereza bikumvikana ndetse na Leta ya Vatikani, ifite ingufu ikura kuri Kiliziya Gatolika. Kuva icyo gihe, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika n'Ubwongereza, bafashe icyemezo cyo kwongera ingufu zabo muri Afrika yose, zihereye ku bihugu byahoze bikolonijwe n'Ubwongereza ariko zitanaretse n'ibindi byose, nk'u Rwanda, ruri ku nkengero z'ibihugu byakolonijwe n'Ubwongereza n'ibyakolonijwe n'Ubufaransa. U Rwanda rwo rufite umwanya ukomeye cyane muri iyo ntambara. U Rwanda ni umuryango winjira muri Republika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Kongo ni igihugu gikomeye cyane mu rwego rw'inyungu z'ibihugu bikomeye ku isi. Icyo bishaka muri Afrika ni ukwigarurira no kwikubira umutungo kamere uhakomoka, ariko ni n'isoko ry'ibyo bicuruza. Muri iyo ntambara rero, Kagame yagize uruhare rukomeye cyane. Kuba yarakuriye muri Uganda, akaza avuga icyongereza, ayoboye umutwe w'inyeshyamba zikorana n'Ubwongereza, byamubere iturufu yakoresheje kugirango intambara yo gufata ubutegetsi mu Rwanda yarwanaga ibone abayishyigikira ku isi. Niyo mpamvu yashyigikiwe na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika n'Ubwongereza. Nicyo cyatumye, Ubwongereza buhita bushinga Ambasade mu Rwanda muri 94. Nicyo cyatumye kuva icyo gihe kugeza magingo aya, ibyaha by'ibasiye inyoko muntu byakozwe na Kagame na bamwe mu bayobozi ba FPR, ari ibyo bakoze mu Rwanda, byagombaga gukurikiranwa n'urukiko rwa Arusha, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika kimwe n'Ubwongereza byokoze ku buryo bidakurikiranwa. Imyaka 18 irashize. Ibintu byarahindutse. Muri Afrika muri rusange, mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari ku by'umwihariko, ibihugu by'iburengerazuba byose birishisha ikindi gihugu. Birishisha Ubushinwa. Nta ntambara ikirangwa hagati yabyo mu by'ukuri. Ubufaransa bwasubiye mu buyobozi bwa OTAN. Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika, nta gihugu zigituma imirimo yo kurinda umutekano wacyo. Zashinze ishami rya gisirikare rishinzwe kurinda inyungu zazo muri Afrika (Africom). Abanyarwanda nabo barahindutse. Abanyarwanda bari mu Rwanda, benshi muri iki gihe, bigishwa icyongereza, ntibakibarirwa mu bihugu biteye ikibazo Ubwongereza cg se Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Abanyarwanda bahunze muri 94, n'ukuyemo abahungiye mu Burayi (cyane cyane Ububirigi n'Ubufransa), abenshi ubu babarirwa mu bihugu bivuga icyongereza, cyane cyane mu byo muri Afrika y'Iburasirazuba (Uganda, Kenya, Tanzaniya) n'Iyamajyepfo (Malawi, Zambiya, Zimbabwe, Afrika y'Epfo n'ibindi). Umubano hagati y'Ibihugu byo mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari na wo warahindutse. Muri 94, Kagame na FPR bari bashyigikiwe cyane na Leta ya Uganda. Kubera impamvu zinyuranye, zayo bwite, Leta ya Uganda ntigishyira ku buryo butaziguye cg buziguye Kagame na Leta ye. Intambara ya kabiri yo muri Kongo, yabaye hagati ya 98 n'i 2002, niyo yerekanye neza ko umubano wahindutse. Nyuma, uko bamwe mu bagize ingabo z'izo Leta zombi bagiye bahunga, byaragaragaye ko Leta ya Uganda, yakomeje kuba inzira z'abahunga Leta ya Kagame ku buryo burambye. Ibyo bikaba bimaze imyaka irenga 10, abahunga bose, baca muri Uganda. Uganda ni nacyo gihugu gicumbikiye impunzi za nyuma ya 94 nyinshi mu karere u Rwanda rurimo. Ikindi kiranga imibanire mibi hagati y'ingabo z'ibyo bihugu, ni uko imirimo zitumwa zitayikorera hamwe. Urebye muri Somaliya cg se muri Sudani, zikora ku buryo zidafatanya imirimo, mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko hakongera kubaho imirwano hagati y'impande zombi, mu rwego rw'ibikorwa bibera hanze y'imipaka y'ibyo bihugu byombi. Muri 94, Leta y'Uburundi, yari ishyigikiye cyane Kagame na FPR n'ubwo bwari mu ntambara nabwo. Uyu munsi, ibintu byarahindutse mu Burundi. N'ubwo Leta y'Uburundi, kubera impamvu zayo bwite, idafite inyungu zo guhanga na Leta ya Kagame, ntawakwemeza ko Kagame na Leta ye bayizeye cyane nk'uko bashoboraga kubikora muri muri 94. Muri 90-94 Tanzaniya yari ishyigikiye Inkotanyi kubera Nyerere utarigeze acana uwaka na Habyalimana. Aho Nyerere yitabiye Imana, Tanzaniya yagaragaje ko ikomeye ku busugire bwayo, ko kandi ititeguye kugendera mu kigare cya Kagame. II-Guhagarika imfashanyo ntibivuga ko Kagame barangije kumuvanaho amaboko N'ubwo iyo witegereje neza usanga ko ubutegetsi bwa Kagame muri iyi minsi bufite ibibazo bikomeye kurusha mu myaka yashize, byaba ari ukwibeshya no kubeshya Abanyarwanda kuvuga ko ibya Kagame byarangiye. Ababyemeza ni ba bandi n'ubundi birirwa bacuraza amagambo yo kureshya Abanyarwanda ngo babayoboke bababeshya ko ari bo bazabakiza, nyamara ahubwo na bo bari bakwiye gukanirwa urubakwiye nka Kagame. 1-Guhagarika imfashanyo ubwabyo ntibihagije, cyane ko n'imfashanyo zavuzwe zidahambaye : ibihumbi 200 by'amadolari Abanyamerika bahagaritse nta cyo bivuze ugereranyije n'imfashanyo rusange icyo gihugu gisanzwe kigenera u Rwanda. Na none kandi ibihugu byinshi ntibyahagaritse ku bulyo butaziguye izo mfashanyo ; byavuze ko bihisemo kuba bitegereje ibisobanuro by'u Rwanda. Ndetse hari n'ababivuze mu magambo ariko bakomeza kuyatanga. 2-Iyo amahanga aba agambiriye kumuvanaho, - yari kuba yaratangiye guhamagarira ibihugu byose kwitabira gufatira u Rwanda ibihano mu rwego rw'ubukungu kandi ihagarikwa ry'imfashanyo rikajyana n'ibindi bihano nko kwima visa no gufatira comptes Kagame n'ibyegera bye barundaho amafranga n'indi mitungo hirya no hino kw'isi dore ko n'ibyinshi biva mu bikorwa by'ubusahuzi muri congo no mw'inyerezwa ry'imfashanyo z'amahanga. Naho ubundi guhagarika imfashanyo kuriya nta bindi bikorwa bibiherekeza ni ugusonga abaturage (abakozi ba leta, abarimu,…) n'ubundi bari basanzwe bamerewe nabi.
- aba yarahise atangira ku mugaragaro ibikorwa byo gushyigikira abarwanya ubutegetsi. Kugeza ubu nta na disikuru n'imwe yari yavugwa n'umuyobozi n'umwe, niyo yaba aciriritse, ivuga ko biteguye gushyigikira opozisiyo.
3-Amahanga na Kagame bafitanye amabanga akomeye. Bamutumye kubakorera ibintu byinshi mu karere batifuza ko byajya ahagaragara. Iyo baba bitegura kumuvanaho amoboko muri iki gihe bagombye kuba bari mu bikorwa byo kumucecekesha! 4-Kumuvanaho nabi bazi neza ingaruka zabyo. Bazi neza ko Kagame agifite imbaraga nyinshi mu ngabo za RDF cyane ko ari ingabo zishingiye ku bwoko. N'ubwo babona umusimbura bagomba kubanza gupima bihagije ngo bizere ko afite imbaraga mu gisilikali zirenze iza Kagame kuko bitabaye ibyo bazi neza ko rwakwambikana ku bulyo nta buye ryasigara rigeretse ku rindi! Ntibyahagarira aho kandi kuko byanakongeza akarere kwose! N'ikindi kandi, ntibifuza ko ziriya ngabo zagira ikizihungabanya kuko bakizikeneye ku bw'inyungu zabo. Bazifata nk'ingabo zabo! Bazishoyemo amafranga, ibikoresho, n'amahugurwa menshi kandi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru kuko bakizitezeho byinshi. 5-Na none kandi n'ubwo uko ibintu byahindutse mu mahanga ari nako byahindutse cyane mu Banyarwanda, Abanyarwanda bari bashyigikiye Kagame na FPR muri 94 bakaba baragiye bagabanuka cyane ku buryo ntawashidikanya ko muri iki gihe ari bake cyane ugereranyije n'ibihe byashize [reba kuli siye ya FDU-Inkingi ijambo ubuyobozi bukuru bwa FDU-INKINGI bwagejeje ku Banyarwanda bubifuriza umwaka mushya wa 2011 uko amakimbirane hagati y'abari bashyigikiye Kagame na FPR ye na yo yagiye yiyongera, Umulyango wa FPR ubu ukaba warasandaye, abari basangiye inda bakaba batagisangira amata], opozisiyo yo hanze yakagombye kuba ari yo yasimbura Kagame ifatanije n'abaturage nta ntege ifite. Impamvu ni uko opozisiyo yo hanze aho kwiyubaka ahubwo bamwe bashishikazwa no guhangana n'abo batabona kimwe ibintu. Naho igituma bitagaragara ko mu gihugu imbere batishimiye ubutegetsi buriho ndetse ahubwo banaburambiwe bikaba gusa ari ukubera ko nta burenganzira bwo kubigaragariza mu rwego rwa politiki buhari kubera iterabwoba rituma batinyagambura. Ibihugu by'Amahanga rero ntibyapfa kwihutira gusunika opozisiyo imaze imyaka 18 yarabuze ubwenge bwo kwiyubaka, opozisiyo yananiwe kurwanya no gutsinda « umwanzi » uyirimo, opozisiyo itazi neza icyo ishaka, opozisiyo itagaragaza ingufu. Ntibapfa rero gukuraho Kagame nta cyo bamusimbuza kigaragara kandi kitanangiza byinshi. III- Kagame afite amahirwe angana iki yo kubyivanamo ? Mu gihe opozisiyo itagaragaza ingufu zayo, itanatanga icyizere yerekana ku bulyo bufututse icyerekezo (vision) ishaka kuganishimo Abanyarwanda, Kagame afite amaturufu menshi yatuma yivana mu bizazane bimwugarije. 6-Kagame azi neza ko bamufiteho ibimenyetso byinshi mu mabi yose yakoze kuva muri za 90, harimo no kwica Abanyamahanga bava mu bihugu by'uburengerazuba bw'isi. Ntayobewe kandi umugani uvuga ngo « Utazi ikimuhatse areba…. ». Azi neza ko yongeye kwibeshya gato, ibye bishobora kurangira burundu, cyane ko amaze imyaka myinshi ku butegetsi (k'ushaka ikigereranyo, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika zimaze guhindura incuro eshatu abaperezida Kagame akiri aho !) Na mbere y'uko bahagarika imfashanyo, Kagame yari azi neza ko Abanyamahanga bamushyikiye batayobewe ko ubutegetsi bwe, aho gukemura ibibazo u Rwanda rwari mo muri za 90, bwabyongereyeho ibindi bitari bisanzwe, ku buryo ubu u Rwanda ari igihugu kigengwa n'agatsiko k'abantu bakoze ubwicanyi bw'indengakamere, burimo icyaha y'itsembabwoko, ibyaha byibasiye inyoko-muntu, ubuhotozi n'ibyaha bikorwa mu ntambara n'iterabwoba ; ko hejuru y'ivangura rishingiye ku moko, cg se ku turere, cg se ku bindi bisa n'inkomoko ubutegetsi buri mu maboko y'agatsiko gategekesha igitugu, gakoresha intambara gusa mu gukemura ibibazo biri mu gihugu kandi gatera intambara ku baturanyi, harimo n'imigambi yo kwigarurira ubutaka, ubutegetsi cg se umutungo kamere w'ibyo bihugu. Amahirwe ye ni uko agifatiye runini abamushyizeho, ahanini kubera akazi ingabo za RDF zikora mu kurinda inyungu zabo mu karere k'ibiyaga bigali ndetse na kure y'aho. Kugira ngo adakubitwa n'inkuba itagira amazi, Kagame azi neza ko ntakindi ashobora gukora atari ugucisha make . Ate ? § Raporo y'Impuguke za Loni yaba ari ukuli yaba irimo amakuru atari yo Kagame agiye kwihutira kurangiza ikibazo cya M23 : guhagarika imfashanyo mu bya gisilikari, gusubirana abasirikali be bari muri uwo mutwe, kubafasha gufata Ntaganda akamujyanwa mu Rukiko cg se agakamukanirwa urumukwiye bikarangira bityo agapfana n'amabanga; kuba M23yaririnze gufata Goma kandi mu by'ukuli ibifitiye ubushobozi ni ikimenyetso ko Kagame yiteguye gucisha make. § Muri iki gihe Kagame ashigaje imyaka 5 ngo manda ye irangire, azi neza ko iyo myaka isigaye ari yo mibi mu myaka yose yategetse : yataye amanota menshi mu bari bamushyigikiye kandi no muri FPR na RDF ishyamba si ryeru. Amakimbirane arimo ashobora gutuma abura intama n'ibyuma. Kugirango agushe ba Shebuja be neza kandi na we atereho kabili ashobora kubemerera ko noneho agiye gushingira ingufu z'ubutegetsi ku bushake bw'Abanyarwanda ko ndetse ataziyongeza indi manda muri 2017. Bityo agasaba amahanga kumufasha gutegura uko azava ku butegetsi mw'ituze, n'uko bizagenda nyuma y'uko ava ku butegetsi. Ntibizabatangaze kubona abafite inyota y'imyanya bataha bakinjizwa mu butegetsi, kubona imfungwa za politiki zifunguwe zitarangije ibihano byazo, kubona amashyaka amwe na mwe yanditswe (Umukuru wa Green Party yarangije gutangaza ko azasubira mu Rwamubyaye muri uku kwezi kwa Nzeli). Abiyemeje rero gukora opozisiyo nyayo, ya yindi yifuza ko ibintu bihinduka, atari ya yindi yirirwa ivuga ko irwanya ubutegetsi bw'abicanyi ariko ugasanga yirirwa yigaragura mu nzarwe ifatanye na bo agatoki ku kandi, nibahaguruke berekane ingufu n'ubushobozi bwo kugera ku mpinduka Abanyarwanda bifuza no kuba bayobora igihugu! Eugène NDAHAYO Perezida w'Inzibacyuho. |
NI NDE UZASIMBURA KAGAME ? Jean de Dieu TULIKUMANA |
 | | Hashize igihe gito akimara kwitoresha ku nshuro ya kabiri kongera kuba Perezida w'u Rwanda mu yindi myaka irindwi, abanyamakuru b'ingeri zose kimwe n'abandi bantu bakurikiranira hafi politiki y'uRwanda babajije Perezida Kagame niba azubahiriza itegekonshinga, bityo akazarekura ubutegetsi mu mwaka wa 2017. Ibisubizo yagiye atanga birimo urujijo kuko hamwe yagiye yerura ati sinzongera kwiyamamaza, ubundi agasisibiranya, ku buryo ntawe umenya icyo afata n'icyo areka. Ariko iyo usesenguye neza usanga kubwe yakomeza akagundira kugeza ku ndunduro kubera impamvu ebyiri nyamukuru : |
Umuntu wafashe ubutegetsi ku ngufu yoretse imbaga itabarika ntashobora kuburekura wa mugani wa Tito akaboko batagaciye. Umwicanyi ruharwa agomba kwikokobeka ku butegetsi kuko bumukingira ikibaba ntakurikiranywe ku byaha yakoze igihe cyose akibufite. Birumvikana rero ko Kagame atapfa kuzibukira ku neza kuko azi ko atarara. Ariko kandi ni ubwo ari ko we abyifuza, ngo burya ibihe biha ibindi. Kagame wo muri 1994 ntabwo ari we Kagame wo muri 2012. Kagame w'ubu batangiye kumurunguruka, ntabwo akivuga ngo ryijyane. Nawe kandi arabizi si umwana. N'ikimenyimenyi hari ubwo yivugiye ubwe ati iyo ubonye inkuba zesa ureba aho uba wikinze kugirango udakubitwa n'itagira amazi, maze zagabanura ubukana ukongera ukikomereza. Ariko ibihe biranze biriho biramusatira ku buryo agomba kureba uko atekinika cyangwa bakamutekinika. Kagame aramutse ari we utekinitse, ashobora kwisimbura cyangwa agasimburwa n'abo mu muryango we : Kagame ashobora gusimburwa na Kagame Kuba Kagame yakwisimbura ni umukino asanzwe azobereyemo. Biramusaba gusa guhindura itegekonshinga akavuga ko abaturage bakimushaka. Iyi gahunda yaranatangiye kuko nyinshi mu ntore zidahwema kumvikanisha ko nta wundi wayobora uRwanda atari "Muzehe". Muribuka Minisitiri Musa Fazili atangaza ko ka gashyaka ke k'abayisilamu kazashyigikira ko Kagame yiyongeza manda ya gatatu. Kagame ashobora gusimburwa n'umufasha we Janet Nyiramongi Kuba Kagame yabererekera umugore we nta gitangaza kirimo kuko icyaba kigamijwe mbere na mbere ari ukugira ngo umugore we akomeze amukingire ikibaba ntihagire umubonyabonya. Abashyigikiye iyi gahunda yo kuyobya uburari bavuga ko uyu mukenyezi abishoboye kuko yarangije kaminuza kandi nyuma y'umugabo we akaba yarabaye ikirangirire mu banyarwanda ndetse no ku rwego rw'afurika n'isi yose. Kagame ashobora gusimburwa n'umuhungu we Yvan Cyomoro Gusimburwa n'umuhungu we nabyo nta cyaba gitunguranye kuko bisa nk'aho byabaye akamenyero muri Afurika aho abanyagitugu basigaye basimburwa n'urubyaro rwabo kugirango amabanga y'ingoma asugire. Gusa uyu muhungu wa Kagame aracyari muto kandi nta ngabo n'imwe ayobora. Ntibizabatangaze mu minsi iri imbere ari we ashinze kuyobora Republican Guard. Kizaba ari ikimenyetso simusiga ko ariho amutegura kumusimbura. Hari abemeza ariko ko uyu muhungu amashuri ya gisirikare yamunaniye none ngo akaba yirirwa azerera mu y'ikigoroba iyo muri Amerika. Ibi biramutse ari impamo, iyi turufu mu kuzungura se yaba ihindutse Butuyu. Kagame ashobora gusimburwa na mubyara we Bernard Makuza Uyu mugabo wabaye Minisitiri w'Intebe igihe kirekire ni uturufu ikomeye mu ngamba zo gusimburana ku butegetsi. Ni mubyara wa Kagame kandi akaba akomoka ku muparimehutu. Byongeye kandi imico n'imyemerere ye ntacyo byahungabanyaho ingoma kuko ari ntacyo yishe nta n'icyo akijije. Gusimbura Kagame byaba bigamije kureshya abahutu binereka n'abanyamahanga ko uRwanda rwarenze ibibazo by'amoko rukaba runageze n'aho ruyoborwa n'umuparimehutu-nkotanyi. Bishobora no gutuma Kagame yigana Poutine wo mu Burusiya akazapanga uburyo bwo kuzagaruka ku butegetsi dore ko n'ubundi ntaho yaba agiye uretse kujijisha. Kagame ashobora gukorerwa kudeta Mu gihe ariko Kagame ahugiye mu gupanga isimburwa rye muri 2017, hashobora kuza inkonkobotsi ngo pi. Hashobora no kuza inkuba itagira amazi ikamyiraho. Iyo nkuba si iyindi ni ba bandi bamuteretse ku butegetsi. Hari ubwo akunze kwibagirwa aho yaturutse akagirango Igihugu yagifashe kubera ko ari amagabo. Biravugwa ko abamushyizeho barambiwe amafuti ye ya buri gihe bakaba barimo gushaka umusimbura. Uwo musimbura ariko ngo ntabwo ari ubonetse wese kuko agomba kuba aturuka iBugande kandi akaba ari umusoda mukuru ushobora kugira igitsure mu ngabo. Byongeye kandi ngo agomba kuba atarishe birenze kamere (dore ko kubona umusirikare wa RDF utarishe ari nko kubonekerwa). Muri iyo mipango ya ba Mpatsibihugu bahuriye ku rurimi rw'icyongereza, haravugwa ko Karenzi Karake ari we ubu uri kw'isonga ry'abashobora gusimbura shebuja hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa kudeta. Icyangombwa kuri bo akaba ari uko Kagame ahigama ariko system igasugira, cyane cyane n'ingabo za RDF ntizihungabane, bagakomeza kuzikoresha amabi batatinyuka gukora ubwabo ku mugaragaro no kuzohereza mu butumwa bwa gisirikare hirya no hino ngo zikomeze kurengera inyungu zabo bwite, dore ko bivugira ko ziriya ngabo ari izabo. Ibyo aribyo byose, biraboneka ko isimburwa rya Kagame nta na hamwe abaturage bazarigiramo uruhare. Yemwe n'abatavugarumwe na Leta ni uko. Cyakora muri abo bo muri opozisiyo harimo ababingwa bamwe basigaye birirwa bavuza iya bahanda ngo ibya Kagame byarangiye, ngo nitugure amakoti vuba vuba twitegure kujya gufata imyanya iKigali. Ibyo ariko babiterwa n'uko hari bamwe muri ba mpatsibihugu birirwa babashuka ko nibamara kwikiza Kagame bazashyiraho Leta y'ubumwe bw'abanyarwanda nabo bazaba barimo. Mbese muri make bazajya gusesera no kuvumba ayo batengewe. Kandi mu Kinyarwanda umuvumbyi twese tuzi agaciro ahabwa. Jean de Dieu TULIKUMANA |
GUKORA POLITIKI SI UKUBYINA MUZUNGA, Benoit Ndagijimana - Visi Perezida wa Kabiri. |
 | | Imyitwarire y'abanyarwanda bakora politiki muri iki gihe itera kwibaza byinshi. Muri iyi nyandiko ndifuza ko twarebera hamwe cyane cyane impamvu zituma abanyarwanda bari mu mashyaka atavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi uyu munsi batera intambwe imwe bajya imbere, hanyuma ejo bagatera intambwe ebyiri basubira inyuma. Buri wese muri twe afite uko abibona. Cyakora hari benshi nasanze duhuje uko tubona ibibazo ndetse n'impungenge, cyane cyane iyo nsomye ibitekerezo binyuranye binyura ku mbuga zikunze guhurirwaho n'Abanyarwanda ndetse n'abanyamahanga. |
Kugira ngo tubyumve neza, twagerageza gushyira abanyapolitiki mu byiciro bikurikira : Abanyapolitiki batigirira icyizere Abanyapolitiki biyumvamo uburemere cg se ubwenge kurusha abandi Abanyapolitiki batareba kure cyangwa se bashyira imbere inyungu zabo Abanyapolitiki badakunda gukorera mu nzego z'ishyaka barimo Abanyapolitiki bagira ibitekerezo byiza bakabura ubushobozi bwo kubishyira mu bikorwa. Abanyapolitiki batigirira icyizere Muri iki cyiciro, harimo abanyapolitiki bacungana no gushakisha abantu bahoze ari abategetsi bakomeye cyangwa se no gushakisha umuntu bakoresha nk'iturufu kubera impamvu zinyuranye ( cyane cyane akarere cg se ubwoko akomokamo) kugira ngo ibikorwa bakora birusheho kwitabirwa. Ibi byakunze kugaragara kuva aho bamwe mu bakoranye na FPR-Inkotanyi batangiriye guhunga. Wasangaga abari basanzwe mu buhungiro basa n'abasamira hejuru ibyo bikomerezwa byabaga bifashe inzira y'ubuhungiro, bizeye ko wenda byabafasha guhindura ibintu vuba. Imishyikirano ijyanye n'ishingwa ry'icyiswe « Igihango » kitamaze kabiri, cyangwa se , dufashe urugero rwa vuba aha, imishyikirano ijyanye no gukorana na Rwanda National Congress (RNC), itwigisha byinshi ku myitwarire ya bamwe mu banyapolitiki bo muri « opposition », hano hanze. Usanga iteka iyo havutse initiatives zirimo abantu bahoze ari ibihangange mu butegetsi bwa FPR buriho i Kigali, abanyapolitiki bari muri iki cyiciro bamera amababa. Ibyo bikaba bituma n'abandi rimwe na rimwe biyumvamo ibitangaza, dore ko ngo « opposition » itigeze ibaho mbere, ngo ikaba yaradukanywe na bamwe mu bahoze ari inkoramutima za Perezida Pawulo Kagame, ubu bari hanze y'u Rwanda. Abanyapolitiki biyumvamo uburemere cg se ubwenge kurusha abandi Iki cyiciro kirimo abanyepolitiki barangwa no kwiyemera bitewe se n'uburere buke butuma rimwe na rimwe bitiranya ubumenyi n'ubwenge, cyangwa se bitewe no kwiyumvamo ibitangaza kurusha abandi ku buryo bamwe ndetse bitwara nk'abavukanye imbuto yo kuyobora abandi. Abanyapolitiki nkaba bakunze gukoresha igitugu ; usanga ibitekerezo byatangiwe mu nama batashoboye kubonekamo babirwanya, kabone niyo byaba ari ibitekerezo byubaka. Ntabwo bakunze guhesha agaciro ababahagarariye, ahubwo bashimishwa no kubavuguruza. Muri iki cyiciro kandi hakunze kugaragaramo ya myitwarire yo gusuzugurana hagati y'amashyaka. Ugasanga ubuyobozi bw'ishyaka iri n'iri ryiyumvamo ingufu kurusha ayandi, bufata icyemezo bukifuza ko andi mashyaka yakurikira butama kuko yo ngo ari « udushyaka », ko adashinga. Hari nubwo iyo myitwarire mibi yotota ikagera no hagati y'abayobozi bakuru bo ubwabo, ugasanga bamwe basa naho badafite igihe cyo kuba bakumva ibitekerezo by'abandi. Abanyapolitiki batareba kure cyangwa se bashyira imbere inyungu zabo Iyo witegereje usanga ukutareba kure kw'abanyepolitiki ari imwe mu ndwara zikomeye zikomeje kumunga imikorere y'amashyaka atavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi. (opposition). Ingero ni nyinshi. Mu myaka ya 90, igihe uwahoze ari Umukuru w'igihugu akaba na Perezida Fondateri w'ishyaka MRND yemeraga ishingwa ry'amashyaka menshi mu gihugu, bityo MRND ntikomeze kwiharira ubutegetsi, abanyarwanda n'inshuti z'u Rwanda barabyishimiye cyane. Muri icyo gihe, hanengwaga byinshi mu miyoborere y'igihugu. Nyamara, iyo witegereje usanga ibyo abenshi twanengaga ubutegetsi bw'icyo gihe bikiriho no ku butegetsi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi, ndetse hakaba hariyongeyeho n'ibindi byinshi bibi, biranga ingoma z'igitugu aho ziri hose. Bamwe mu banyepolitiki bari muri opposition muri icyo gihe ubu barakorana n'ubutegetsi buriho i Kigali. Umuntu akaba yakwibaza niba kuri abo abantu, ibyo banengaga ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana byarakosowe. Hari n'abakomeje rwose gukorera mu mashyaka ya opposition hano hanze, bamwe bakagenda bacika intege bagataha, bakajya gukorana n'ubutegetsi buriho, kandi bazi neza ko u Rwanda rutigeze rugira ubutegetsi bubi kurusha ubwa FPR-Inkotanyi. Abandi nabo, usanga bashaka iteka kureba uko basesera bakinjizwa mu butegetsi kandi ibyo banenga ntacyari cyahinduka ! Ibi bikaba biterwa rero ahanini no kutareba kure, gukunda ikuzo n'ibyubahiro, kugira inda nini bituma umuntu yireba gusa akibagirwa guharanira icyagirira rubanda nyamwinshi akamaro, n'ibindi. Abanyapolitiki badakunda gukorera mu nzego z'ishyaka barimo Iki cyiciro harimo abanyapolitiki batazi icyo bashaka, abanyapolitiki batazi ko guhuza imvugo n'ingiro ari kimwe mubyagombye kubaranga niba koko badashaka kubeshya rubanda. None se ? ! Wakumva gute umuntu wirirwa yamagana ubutegetsi bw'igitugu, wirirwa unenga inzego n'imikorere y'ubutegetsi buriho mu Rwanda, hanyuma yarangiza akigira icyigenge mu ishyaka akomokamo ? Ntawe utanga icyo adafite ! Niba utemera ko mbere na mbere ugomba gukora ku buryo ishyaka urimo rirangwa n'umuco wa demokarasi, niba utemera gukorera mu nzego z'ishyaka ahubwo ugashimishwa no kuzica inyuma ugafata ibyemezo wowe wishakira witwaje umwanya ufite mu ishyaka, wagombye kumva ko utazi icyo ushaka. Ntabwo ushobora kuvuga ko uzaba umu « démocrate » ugeze ku butegetsi, ufite igihugu n'ingufu, mu gihe muri iki gihe tukiri ku rugamba rwo guharanira ko Demokarasi yakwimakazwa mu Rwanda, wowe ukurura usubiza inyuma, urangwa no kwigira icyigenge no kutumva inama z'abandi, n'ibindi nk'ibyo. Abanyapolitiki bagira ibitekerezo byiza bakabura ubushobozi bwo kubishyira mu bikorwa. Muri iki cyiciro harimo abanyepolitiki benshi. Harimo abagira ibitekerezo byiza, bagashaka gukora uko bashoboye ngo ari nabo bashyirishya mu bikorwa ibitekerezo byabo, aho kureka ngo abandi aribo bagerageza kubishyira mu bikorwa. Kubera ko aba bantu bagira ibitekerezo byinshi byiza bakunze kuba badafite impano zo kuyobora abandi, usanga iyo bashatse kubyikorera bipfa, ntibatere umutaru. Hari kandi n'abagira ibitekerezo byiza, bareba kure kandi bakaba banashobora gushyirisha mu bikorwa ibitekerezo byabo baramutse babiboneye ubushobozi. Kubera ubushishozi no gucisha make, ahanini usanga aba banyapolitiki batumvwa nabo bashaka gukorera, kubera ko burya abantu muri rusange bikundira byashyushye. Umuntu uje avuga ko urugamba rworoshye, ndetse ko nidushyira hamwe mu minsi mike ingoma y'igitugu tuba tuyihiritse ikagenda nka nyomberi, yumvikana vuba kurusha umuntu ushaka kuvugisha ukuri, akabanza gusobanura ko urugamba rwa demokarasi rutoroshye, ko rusaba ubwitange buhagije kandi ko ruzatwara igihe n'ibindi nk'ibyo. Abanyapolitiki bagira ibitekerezo byiza kandi bareba kure (vision) ni benshi, ariko abagira amahirwe yo kubishyira mu bikorwa ni bo bake. Ntibyashoboka kurondora ibyiciro byose by'Abanyarwanda bakora politiki. Ibyo ari byo byose, buri wese muri twe, waba ukora politiki, waba se utayikora, twagombye kwikuramo umuco mubi wo guhora buri gihe dutera intambwe imwe tujya imbere, tugatera intambwe ebyiri dusubira inyuma. Ibyo byatuma tudahora muri muzunga, "l'éternel recommencement". Nitureke kumera nka wa muhigi ngo wabonye isha itamba, agata urwo yari yambaye. Benoit Ndagijimana Visi Perezida wa Kabiri |
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Abaturage barihe mu ruhando rw'impinduka mu Rwanda Paul Kagame ati: "Dore imfashanyo ba mpatsibihugu bazihagaritse. N'ubundi ntawigeze atera imbere asabiriza. Muze twihe Agaciro." Ariko ako gaciro ashaka akaba ari ubundi buryo bwo kongera gupyinagaza, gusonga, gukenesha wa muturage yamye abuza epfo naruguru kuva yatera u Rwanda mu Kwakira 1990; kurokoka kugeza kur'uyu munsi hakaba harabaye aha Nyagasani honyine. Abanyapolitiki barwanya Kagame nabo bati: "Urava aha ujya he! Aho bukera turakumvisha, turakuryoza ibyo wakoreye Abanyarwanda, ndetse n'Abanyekongo. Ubwo butegetsi ufite aho, mu gihe kitari kirekire, urabuvaho tubujyeho ubyanze ubikunze." Nawe ati: "Mukomeze mujajwe, urugamba rwo ndiho rwo gufata Kivu, nzaruhuka ndutsinze. Reka nkomeze noherereze insoresore M23 n'intwaro uko binshobokeye. Ngirango ntimwibuka uko Uganda n'u Rwanda twabifashe, nkanswe Kivu!" Muri uko guhiga ibigwi kw'abaharanira ubutegetsi bw'u Rwanda n'ababuriho badashaka kubuvaho, abaturage nibo babaye ibitambo kuva kera n'akare. Bashyirwa buri igihe mu gihirahiro. N'ubu kandi bakaba bashobora kongera kugwa muri iryo hatana bititondewe, cyangwa ngo barusheho kwitabwaho, ngo barusheho kurengera ubuzima bwabo mbere na mbere, ndetse no kumenya gutoranya hagati y'icyatsi n'ururo muri abo babitwaza bose. Ariko ubundi iyo abanyapolitiki, baba abari k'ubutegetsi cyangwa abaharanira kubujyaho, bavuze abaturage ni bande baba bavuga? Ikibazo umuntu yakwibaza kikaba cyane cyane icyo kumenya uruhari abanyapolitiki b'u Rwanda [presida Kagame ari kw'isoma] bariho ubu, n'abejo hazaza, bagenera abaturage mu byo bakora byose, babibitirira. Kuberako iby'ubutegetsi bwa Kagame bwo, mur'iyi myaka yose ishije ayobora u Rwanda bwerekanye aho buhagaze muri urwo rwego, umuntu akaba cyane cyane yakwibanda kubashaka kubumuvanaho kubera ibibi bitabarika yakoreye abaturage benshi. Na none umuntu akaba yakwibaza k'uruhare abaturage nabo ubwabo bagombye kugira mu mpinduka zikenewe mu mitegekere y'igihugu cyabo, mu gihe nabo baba babona ko bikenewe koko, kuberako ingaruka z'imitegekere mibi aribo ibangamira kurusha abandi bose. Mu mahindura yabaye mu Rwanda, ayo umuntu yavugako yagize ingaruka ziboneye kandi zarambye yarafite imizi yayo mu baturage nyir'izina, ayobowe nabo ubwabo cyangwa abantu babana nabo, bagorerwa hamwe, bafungwa, bakubitwa, bacunaguzwa, n'ibindi n'ibindi umuturage nyakujya akorerwa n'ubutegetsi bubi. Abantu nkabo baba bazi neza uko abaturage baraye n'uko baramutse, kandi baba barangajwe n'akaga bagenzi babo muri rusange babamo. Ndetse n'abateye bava ishyanga haba harimo ababitewe n'akaga bagenzi babo barimo. Ariko amahindura yagiriye akamaro abaturage benshi mu gihugu ni ayarangajwe imbere n'abantu bari barerekanye mu mibereho yabo ko batarangwa cyangwa batagenzwa n'ibyubahiro, inyungu zabo bwite, n'ibindi bigaragaza kwibona no kwishyira imbere. Kenshi na kenshi iyo myitwarire ntanga rugero iba yarakunze kugaragara mu tuzi tunyuranye bagiye bagira, haba mbere cyangwa mu gihe babaga biyemeje kurangaza imbere bagenzi babo . Uruhare abaturage bagombye kugira bo se ni uruhe? Icya mbere na mbere ni ugushizosha neza hagati y'ababiyitirira, bakamenya abitaye kandi baharanira inyungu zabo koko. Icya kabiri ni ukumenya gushisoza ibikorwa by'amahindura bakwiye gushyigikira, batagombye gukurikira butama. Icy'agatu ni ukumenya uburyo bwo kwirinda ingaruka mbi z'amahindura. Mu gihugu nk'u Rwanda, kuberako byagaragayeko kenshi ko iyo impindura yaje abantu bicwa, hari hakwiye gutangira gutekerezwa ku buryo abantu batakwicwa mur'iyi mpindura iri mu nzira yo kuvana k'ubutegetsi prezida Paul Kagame n'ishyaka rye FPR. Amakuru anyuranye mu gihugu arerekana ko ingoma ya Paul Kagame iri mu marembera. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubutegetsi bwa FPR bukaba bwaratangije mu mpande zinyuranye z'igihugu ibikorwa by'urugomo, bikomeretsa benshi abandi bakabigwa mo, bugamije kwitirira abatavuga rumwe nayo ayo mabi yose ikora. Mu gihe ikibazo hano cyibanzweho ari icyo kumenya aho abaturage bahagaze mur'iyi mpindura bigaragara ko u Rwanda rurimo, abanyapolitiki nyabo bitaye ku nyungu z'abaturage, nibatange ibitekerezo bihamwe by'ukuntu ziriya nzirakarengane zitakomeza kuzira ubusa. Ikindi ni uko kuberako nta tangazamakuru ryigenga riri mu gihugu, ibyo bitekerezo birakenewe kugirango ubwicanyi n'urugomo Leta ya Paul Kagame ikora ubu, ndetse cyane cyane ibyo iteganya gukora muri iki gihe cy'amarembera, bitazagora kubimenya, ngo bitangazwe hirya no hino. Bityo abashobora gutabariza abaturage babikore, ndetse n'abatabara babimenye. No muri uru rwego rero ingamba zihamye zagombye gushyirwa ahagaragara, mbere na mbere kugira ngo bene ibyo bikorwa bishobore gukumirwa, n'igihe bibaye bimenyekane mu maguru mashya. Ambrose NZEYIMANA Umusomyi w'akanyamakuru ka FDU-Inkingi |
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http://radiookapi.net/actualite/2014/05/30/nord-kivu-reddition-de-100-rebelles-des-fdlr-foka-k...
