Fw: Urwanda ntirwahwemye kubangamira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu

http://www.umuvugizi.com/?p=7522

Umuryango «Human Rights Watch» wemeza ko u Rwanda rutahwemye kubangamira uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu

Umunyobozi wa Human Rights watch Irihanangiriza umunyagitugu Paul Kagame kurekeraho kw'ibasira Uburenganzira bw'ikiremwa muntu .

Muri raporo yawo y'uyu munsi, umuryango mpuzamahanga uharanira uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu (Human Rights Watch -HRW), wemeza ko u Rwanda rwigaragaje nk'urwateye intambwe mu by'ubukungu n'amajyambere, nyamara guverinoma yakomeje gushyiraho ibyemezo bikarishye bibangamira uburenganzira bw'itangazamakuru n'uburenganzira bwo kwibumbira mu mashyirahamwe buri wese yifuza.

HRW ivuga ko ibi bigaragarira mu mashyaka ya politiki atavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, adafite ubushobozi n'uburenganzira bwo gukorera imirimo yayo mu gihugu. Abayobozi babiri b'aya mashyaka bagifunzwe, naho abandi banyamuryango bayo bakaba barabujijwe amahwemo n'ubutegetsi. Abanyamakuru babiri na bo, bafashwe muri 2010, baracyaborera muri gereza, biyongeraho abandi benshi bahagarikwa umunsi ku wundi. Itegeko ryashyiriweho kurwanya «ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside», n'irirebana n'itangazamakuru, yombi yarahinduwe, nyamara ntiyigeze ashyirwa mu bikorwa.

Inkiko za gacaca, zashyiriweho kuburanisha ibyaha byakozwe muri jenoside yo mu mwaka w'1994, zashoje ibikorwa byazo mu mpera za kamena 2012. Naho urubanza rwa Jean Bosco Uwinkindi, ari na rwo rwa mbere rwoherejwe mu Rwanda n'Urukiko rwa Arusha, rwatangiye kuburanishwa.

Ama Leta menshi yanahagaritse inkunga yageneraga u Rwanda kubera ko rufasha inyeshyamba za M23 muri Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Kongo (RDC). Umunyapolitiki utavuga rumwe na Leta y'u Rwanda, Bernard Ntaganda, umukuru w'ishyaka PS-Imberakuri, aracyafunzwe nyuma y'uko Urukiko rw'ikirenga rwemereje muri mata igihano cy'imyaka ine y'igifungo yari yahawe cyo guhungabanya umudendezo w'igihugu n'amacakubiri. «Human Rights Watch» ikaba ivuga ko ibirego byatumye Ntaganda akatirwa gufungwa iyi myaka yose, byari bishingiye k'ukunenga mu ruhame guverinoma y'u Rwanda.

Abarwanashyaka benshi ba PS-Imberakuri na bo bagiye bahohoterwa ndetse bashyirwaho ubwoba, babazwa na polisi y'igihugu ibibazo bishingiye ku bikorwa byabo bya politiki. Ku wa 5 nzeli, Alexis Bakunzibake, wungirije umuyobozi wa PS-Imberakuri, yanyururijwe mu mugi wa Kigali, anyurujwe n'abantu bitwaje intwaro, bamupfutse ibitambaro mu maso, bamufungira ahantu hatazwi. Abari bamunyuruje, bamubazaga ibijyanye n'ibikorwa by'ishyaka rye, ku bayoboke baryo, aho rikura amafaranga yo gukoresha, n'abandi banyapolitiki bakorana na ryo. Muri iryo baza, bamutegekaga kureka ibikorwa bye yakoreraga ishyaka, mbere yo kumujyana aho na we atamenye izina, hafi y'umupaka w'u Rwanda na Uganda.

Muri iyi raporo yayo, «Human Rights Watch» inavuga ku rubanza rwa Victoire Ingabire, umukuru w'ishyaka FDU-Inkingi, rwari rwatangiye muri nzeli 2011, rukarangira kuburanishwa muri mata 2012. Ingabire yaregwaga ibyaha bitandatu, birimo bitatu bijyanye n'«ibikorwa by'iterabwoba», no gushyiraho umutwe w'abarwanyi. Ibindi birego bitatu — birimo «ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside», amacakubiri no gukwirakwiza ibihuha bihamagarira rubanda kugumuka kuri Leta — byari bishingiye k'ukunenga mu ruhame guverinoma y'u Rwanda.

Ku wa 30 ukwakira, nyuma y'urubanza rwe rutakurikije amategeko na mba, yaruhamijwemo icyaha cyo kubangamira umudendezo wa Leta no guhakana jenoside, ahanishwa igifungo cy'imyaka umunani. Muri uru rubanza habonetsemo ugukekeranya ku bimenyetso by'ibyaha yaregwaga, nyuma y'uko umwe mu bafatanyacyaha be ashyizwe mu majwi n'uwunganiraga madamu Ingabire, avuga ko ibyaha yamushinjaga nta reme byari bifite. Bikaba bishoboka ko uyu mufatanyacyaha yashyizweho agahato kugirango ashinje Victoire Ingabire, mu gihe yari afungiwe mu kigo cya gisirikare.

Undi mutangabuhamya wa Ingabire wari ufunzwe, yashyizweho iterabwoba nyuma yo gutanga mu rukiko ibimenyetso byo kumushinjura. Abayobozi ba gereza yari afungiwemo bagiye gusaka uburyamo bwe, bihawe umugisha n'ubushinjacyaha, bamutwara impapuro ze bwite zarimo n'izo yari yateguye gutanga mu rukiko. Nyuma y'isakwa rye, ubushinjacyaha bwemeje ko koko iri sakwa ryabayeho, ko n'impapuro zivugwa zafashwe n'ubushinjacyaha.

Muri nzeli, abandi bayoboke ba FDU-Inkingi bahagarikiwe ku Kibuye, baregwa kurema amanama atemewe n'amategeko. Banaregwaga guhamagarira rubanda imyivumbagatanyo n'igumuka. Muri uko kwezi kandi, Sylvain Sibomana, umunyamabanga mukuru wa FDU-Inkingi na Martin Ntavuka, uhagarariye iri shyaka mu mugi wa Kigali, barafashwe, barazwa kuri station ya polisi hafi y'i Gitarama, nyuma y'ibiganiro binenga ubutegetsi bagiranye ubwo bari bicaye muri bisi. Baje kurekurwa nta kindi cyaha bahamijwe.

Umuryango «Human Rights Watch» unavuga ko uwitwa Frank Habineza, umukuru w'ishyaka rishinzwe ibidukikije na demukarasi mu Rwanda, wari warahunze igihugu mu mwaka wa 2010 nyuma y'iyicwa ry'uwari umwungirije, yasubiye mu Rwanda mu kwezi kwa cyenda kugirango yongere azahure ishyaka rye no kuryandikisha mu matora y'abadepite ateganijwe muri uyu mwaka wa 2013. Ishyaka rye ryaje kwigiza imbere inama rusange yaryo yari iteganijwe mu ugushyingo kubera ko guverinoma y'u Rwanda itari yarihaye uruhushya rwo guterana.

Muri iyi raporo nshya ya HRW, hanavugwamo urubanza rw'abantu batandatu baregwaga kugerageza kwicira i Johannesbourg muri Afurika y'Epfo, général Kayumba Nyamwasa, mu mwaka wa 2010. Uyu Kayumba akaba yari umusirikare mukuru mu ngabo z'u Rwanda, waje kugaragaraho ibikorwa byo kunenga guverinoma y'u Rwanda.

Itangazamakuru

HRW inavuga ko Inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda yongeye kwemeza amategeko mashya agenga itangazamakuru. Uko bigaragara, aya mategeko ngo akaba ashingiye k'ugukanda abanyamakuru bigenga bakorera mu Rwanda. Abanyamakuru bakomeje kwizibukira imijugujugu y'ubutegetsi kubera inkuru ubu butegetsi buba bwemeje ko zinenga guverinoma. Urugero ni urwa Agnès Uwimana na Saidati Mukakibibi, bakoreraga ikinyamakuru Umurabyo, bakaba barafashwe mu mwaka wa 2010, ndetse bakaba bagifunzwe. Nyuma y'uko bakatiwe muri 2011 imyaka 17 n'irindwi y'igifungo, kubera inkuru bari bahitishije mu kinyamakuru cyabo, baje kujuririra iki gihano bari bahawe.

Ku wa 5 mata, Urukiko rw'ikirenga rwagabanije ibihano byabo bigirwa imyaka ine n'itatu. Uru rukiko rwagumishijeho ibirego baregwaga byo guhungabanya umudendezo w'igihugu, n'ikindi cyaha cyo gusebanya cyahamijwe Agnès Uwimana. Urukiko kandi rwatesheje agaciro ibyaha byo gupfobya jenoside yo muri 94 n'iby'amacakubiri byaregwaga na none Agnès Uwimana.

Muri kanama, uwitwa Stanley Gatera, umwanditsi mukuru w'ikinyamakuru Umusingi, na we yarafashwe kubera inkuru yari yahitishije muri iki kinyamakuru, yerekeranye n'uko ngo abagore b'abatutsikazi bahururirwa na benshi. Iyi nkuru, yafashwe n'ubutegetsi bw'u Rwanda ko yari ishingiye ku ivangura rishingiye ku bitsina, yaviriyemo uyu munyamakuru gufungwa mu kwezi kwa cumi na kumwe, igihe kingana n'umwaka.

Naho muri mata, Epaphrodite Habarugira, wakoraga kuri Radio Huguka, na we yarezwe ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside nyuma y'uko, atabigambiriye, yibeshye ku mvugo ikomeretsa abacitse ku icumu rya jenoside. Yamaze muri gereza igihe cy'amezi atatu, mbere y'uko arekurwa muri nyakanga. Umushinjacyaha wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda yajuririye irekurwa rye.

Idriss Gasana Byringiro, wakoreraga ikinyamakuru «The Chronicles», yanyurujwe ku wa 15 kamena, ubwo yabazwaga ku bijyanye n'akazi ke k'itangazamakuru, aza kurekurwa bukeye. Mu minsi yakurikiyeho, yaje guhohoterwa n'abantu batigaragaje amazina, bamuhatira kureka umwuga we w'umunyamakuru, mbere y'uko yongera gufatwa na polisi ku wa 17 nyakanga. Nyuma y'iminsi ibiri gusa, Idris Gasana Byiringiro, mu kiganiro n'abanyamakuru, yaje gutangaza ko atigeze anyuruzwa. Amakuru yaje kumubonekaho yemeza ko wenda yahatiwe kunyomoza ibyo yari yatangaje. Yaje kurekurwa atanze ingwate, akaba agitegereje kuburanishwa kubera ko ngo yatangaje ibinyoma ko polisi y'u Rwanda yari yamunyuruje.

Mu kwezi kwa gatandatu, Tusiime Annonciata, umunyamakuru wa Flash FM, yakubiswe n'abapolisi imbere y'Inteko ishinga amategeko, kugeza ubwo ataye ubwenge. Abamuhondaguraga bamuregaga kugerageza kwinjira mu nama y'Inteko ishinga amategeko nta ruhushya abifitiye.

Naho Charles Ingabire, wari umwanditsi mukuru w'akanyamakuru kandikirwa kuri internet (Inyenyeri News), wari uzwi mu kunenga cyane guverinoma y'u Rwanda, yarasiwe i Kampala muri Uganda ku wa 30 ugushyingo 2011. Mbere y'uko avunderezwaho amasasu, yari yarahawe gasopo mu mezi yari yabanjirije urupfu rwe. Igipolisi cya Uganda cyatangaje ko kirimo gukora amaperereza ku iyicwa rye, nyamara nta n'umwe mu bishi be urafatwa.

Imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta

Muri iyi raporo kandi, HRW yemeza ko imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta na yo yashegeshwe n'uko Leta iyibuza amahwemo mu kazi kayo. Imike muri iyi miryango nyarwanda yatangaje ku mugaragaro ihohoterwa ry'uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda n'itangazamakuru riyibogamiyeho, banashyize mu majwi imiryango mpuzamahanga irengera uburenganzira bw'ikiremwamuntu, bagerageza kuyitesha agaciro mu kazi kayo.

Itegeko rihana ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside

Muri kamena, Inama y'abaminisitiri yemeje ihindurwa ry'igika cy'itegeko ryo muri 2008 rijyanye n'ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, iyi ngingo ikaba yarakoreshwaga mu gucecekesha abanenga ubutegetsi. Iri tegeko ryahinduwe ryakorewe ubugororangingo, by'umwihariko ku bijyanye n'igisobanuro cy'icyaha no kukigabanyiriza ibihano byo gufungwa. Nyamara n'ubwo iri tegeko ryakorewe ubugororangingo, ijambo « ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside » ryagumyemo, rikaba rifatwa nk'icyaha gihanwa n'amategeko, ugikoze agafungwa n'ubwo byaba bibangamiye uburenganzira bwo kuvuga icyo umuntu atekereza.

Ubutabera bushingiye ku itsembabwoko

Umuryango «Human Rights Watch» unavuga muri raporo yayo ko inkiko za gacaca, zashyiriweho gukurikirana ibyaha bya jenoside, zashoje imirimo yazo mu mpera za kamena, nyuma yo kuburanisha abagera hafi kuri miliyoni ebyiri, ukurikije imibare yatanzwe na guverinoma y'u Rwanda. Igikorwa cya mbere cy'Urukiko mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, cyo kohereza Jean Bosco Uwinkindi kuburanishirizwa mu Rwanda, cyakozwe mu kwezi kwa kane, iburanishwa rye rikaba ryaratangiye kubera i Kigali. Uru rukiko mpuzamahanga rukorera Arusha muri Tanzaniya, rwemeye no kohereza abandi baregwa, bagera kuri barindwi.

Muri mutarama kandi, Léon Mugesera yoherejwe kuburanishirizwa mu Rwanda, avuye mu gihugu cya Canada. Aregwa ibyaha byo gutegura no gushishikariza gukora jenoside, urubanza rwe rukaba rwaratangiye kuburanishirizwa i Kigali. Ikurikiranwa mu butabera ry'abandi baregwa icyaha cya jenoside, ryanabereye mu bihugu byinshi birimo Suède ,Canada, Norvège, , Ubudage, ndetse n'Ubuholandi.

Ifungwa ritemewe n'amategeko n'iyicarubozo

HRW yemeza ko ku wa 13 mutarama, Urukiko rukuru rwa Kigali, ruburanisha abantu 30 baregwa kuba baragize uruhare mu iterwa ry'ibisasu (grenades) mu mugi wa Kigali muri 2010, rwakatiye abaregwa 22 igifungo cy'imyaka kuva kuri itanu kugeza kuri burundu, rurekura abandi umunani. Muri uru rubanza, abacamanza ntibitayeho ibyo benshi mu baregwa babatangarije, bavuga ko bafungiwe mu kigo cya gisirikare mu ibanga, bakanakorerwa ibikorwa by'iyicarubozo.

Murumuna wa général Kayumba Nyamwasa, lieutenant-colonel Rugigana Ngabo, wafashwe muri 2010, akanafungirwa mu ibanga muri gereza ya gisirikare mu gihe kingana n'amezi atanu, yaburanishijwe mu muhezo n'urukiko rwa gisirikare, akatirwa mu kwezi kwa karindwi igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka icyenda. Yaregwaga guhungabanya umudendezo w'igihugu no gushishikariza rubanda imigumuko. Nyuma y'uko mushiki we, mu mwaka wa 2010, yitabaje Urukiko rwa Afurika y'ubumanuko (East African Court of Justice, EACJ, mu rurimi rw'icyongereza), uru rukiko rwemeje mu ukuboza 2011 ko ifungirwa mu ibanga rya Rugigana Ngabo ritakurikije amategeko. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yaje kujuririra iki cyemezo cy'urukiko rwa EACJ, nyamara kiza na none kwemezwa muri kamena mu rubanza rw'ubujurire rwaburanishijwe n'uru rukiko.

Ukwivanga kw'ingabo z'u Rwanda mu ntambara yo muri Kongo-Kinshasa

HRW inemeza ko ingabo z'u Rwanda zatanze inkunga ku nyeshyamba z'abanyekongo za M23, zigometse ku ngabo za Kongo mu kwezi kwa gatatu. Inyeshyamba za M23 zakoze ibikorwa bikabije byo guhohotera abantu mu burengerazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Kongo, ibikorwa birimo ubwicanyi ku basiviri no kwica urubozo, ugufata abagore ku ngufu no gushyira abantu mu gisirikare, babihatiwe. Mu rwego rwo gukatakata umwanzuro w'Umuryango w'Abibumbye werekeranye no guhagarikira abarwanyi batazwi n'amaleta kugura intwaro, abayobozi bakuru b'ingabo z'u Rwanda bahaye inyeshyamba za M23 intwaro, amasasu yo kuzirashisha, n'abazirwanisha, barimo abana. Ibikundi by'ingabo z'u Rwanda byanambutse umupaka uhuza Kongo n'u Rwanda kugirango bijye gutera ingabo mu bitugu inyeshyamba za M23 mu bikorwa bya gisirikare, cyane cyane ubwo M23 yafataga umugi wa Goma, mu kwezi kwa cumi na kumwe. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yakomeje guhakana yivuye inyuma ibi birego.

U Rwanda rwanahagarikiwe inkunga n'ibihugu by'amahanga

Raporo y'Umuryango «Human Rights Watch» irangira ivuga ko ama Leta menshi — arimo iya Suède ,Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubwongereza, Ubudage, , Ubuholandi, Ububiligi n'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'i Burayi — yahagaritse cyangwa itinza igice cy'inkunga yayo yageneraga u Rwanda, kubera ko rufasha inyeshyamba za M23. HRW yemeza ko ihagarikwa ry'izi nkunga ryakajije umurego ubwo inyeshyamba za M23 zafataga umugi wa Goma.

Amiel Nkuliza, Sweden.