Envoyé : mardi 9 février 2016 20:12
À : Sibomana Jean Bosco
Objet : [fondationbanyarwanda] Re: RFI @Dr Neil Dawson @Rwandan agricultural policies hurting the poorest of the poor: study.
Ce n'est pas un hasard que Madagascar en produit 80% mondialement. La vanille n'est pas cultivable n'importe où. Ça m'étonnerait que le climat au Rwanda en permette une production industrielle. Ils la cultivent mais à grands frais. Voici un texte de Wikipedia:
Vanilla is a flavor derived from orchids of the genus Vanilla, primarily from the Mexican species, flat-leaved vanilla (V. planifolia). The wordvanilla, derived from the diminutive of the Spanish word vaina (vainaitself meaning sheath or pod), translates simply as "little pod".[1] Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican people cultivated the vine of the vanilla orchid, called tlilxochitl by the Aztecs. Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés is credited with introducing both vanilla and chocolate to Europe in the 1520s.[2]
Initial attempts to cultivate vanilla outside Mexico and Central America proved futile because of the symbiotic relationship between the vanilla orchid and its natural pollinator, the local species ofMelipona bee.[3] Pollination is required to set the fruit from which the flavoring is derived. In 1837, Belgian botanist Charles François Antoine Morren discovered this fact and pioneered a method of artificially pollinating the plant. The method proved financially unworkable and was not deployed commercially.[4] In 1841, Edmond Albius, a slave who lived on the French island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean, discovered at the age of 12 that the plant could be hand-pollinated. Hand-pollination allowed global cultivation of the plant.[5]
Three major species of vanilla currently are grown globally, all of which derive from a species originally found in Mesoamerica, including parts of modern-day Mexico.[6] The various subspecies areVanilla planifolia (syn. V. fragrans), grown on Madagascar, Réunion, and other tropical areas along the Indian Ocean; V. tahitensis, grown in the South Pacific; and V. pompona, found in the West Indies, and Central and South America.[7] The majority of the world's vanilla is theV. planifolia species, more commonly known as Bourbon vanilla (after the former name of Réunion, Île Bourbon) or Madagascar vanilla, which is produced in Madagascar and neighboring islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean, and in Indonesia.[8][9] Leptotes bicolor is used in the same way in South America.
Vanilla is the second most expensive spice after saffron,[10][11]because growing the vanilla seed pods is labor-intensive.[11] Despite the expense, vanilla is highly valued for its flavor.[12] As a result, vanilla is widely used in both commercial and domestic baking, perfume manufacture and aromatherapy.
Le mardi 9 février 2016, Nzinink nzinink@yahoo.com [Democracy_Human_Rights] <Democracy_Human_Rights@yahoogroupes.fr> a écrit :
>
>
> Quelques textes sur la culture de vanille au Rwanda:
>
> Rwanda: Ngoma Vanilla Growers Train
>
> http://allafrica.com/stories/200610091021.html
>
> In Vitro Propagation of Vanilla in Rwanda
>
> "This crop [vanilla] can be profitably grown in some parts of Rwanda and currently it is being grown by a small number of farmers in Eastern Province. However, lack of adequate planting materials remains the major bottleneck in exploiting its potential in Rwanda", Isidore Mushimiyimana et al., Rwanda Agriculture Board (RAB).
>
> http://www.ajol.info/index.php/rj/article/download/76311/66769
> On Feb 9, 2016, at 9:59 AM, Jean Bosco Sibomana sibomanaxyz999@gmail.com [Democracy_Human_Rights] <Democracy_Human_Rights@yahoogroupes.fr> wrote:
>
>
>
> Mme Agnès,
>
> Je me souviens d'avoir lu un texte avec une description très précise de la culture forcée de la vanille pour la famille Blair. On décrivait le terrassement des collines, des multinationales impliquées, des paysans qui n'avait plus le droit de cultiver leurs récoltes vivrières. Je ne retrouve pas le lien dans Google probablement pcq c'était dans une discussion de groupe. Je vais continuer mes recherches. En attendant voici un lien de Free Uganda qui parle du café de Starbucks, du thé de Janet Kagame et de la vanille de Tony Blair:
> http://freeuganda.com/how-rwanda-is-quickly-losing-its-culture/
>
> Le mardi 9 février 2016, agnesmurebwayire@yahoo.fr [Democracy_Human_Rights] <Democracy_Human_Rights@yahoogroupes.fr> a écrit :
>>
>>
>>
>> "L' article a piqué ma curiosité suite à un texte que j'ai lu récemment où on forçait les paysans à cultiver la vanille pour Mme Cherie Blair. Je savais que la vanille était répandue au Madagascar, mais là au Rwanda je n'en revenais pas." (JC. Sibomana)
>> Et,
>> Serait-ce possible de partager avec nous le texte sur les paysans forcés de cultiver la vanille pour Cherie Blair?
>> Pour qu'on assouvisse aussi notre curiosité. Merci!
>
> --
> SIBOMANA Jean Bosco
> Google+: https://plus.google.com/110493390983174363421/posts
> YouTube Channel: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9B4024D0AE764F3D
> Fuseau horaire domestique: heure normale de la côte Est des Etats-Unis et Canada (GMT-05:00)
>
>
--
SIBOMANA Jean Bosco
Google+: https://plus.google.com/110493390983174363421/posts
YouTube Channel: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9B4024D0AE764F3D
Fuseau horaire domestique: heure normale de la côte Est des Etats-Unis et Canada (GMT-05:00)
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