In 1961, Rwanda became a Republic, ruled by a president. Before that, Rwanda was a monarchy and it was ruled by a king. In 1962, Rwanda became independent from european colonizers. Grégoire Kayibanda was the first post-independent president of the republic of Rwanda. He was a nice guy. Right? He was the savior. But then Kayibanda decided to overstay and rule Rwanda beyond his constitutional term limits. At this point he thought he was a tough guy. What happened to him? He was ousted by Juvénal Habyarimana and subsequently assassinated. As symbolic as president Kayibanda was, having led Rwanda through a memorable social revolution and independence struggles, his murder was never prosecuted, let alone investigated. He died like a dog. Sadly.
Habyarimana crashed all opposition parties, his party MRND became Rwanda's unique political party. He also made himself the unique candidate for presidential elections. At the ballots, Rwandans did not vote for their candidate of choice, they voted for their color of choice. And what color choices were there? Just green and brown. Voting green meant voting Habyarimana, voting brown meant voting against. Brown did not represent anyone. The goal was 100% votes and he did very well. He thought he was exceptional. He called himself "Ikinani cyananiye abagome n'abagambanyi", meaning he thought of himself as invincible. What happened to Habyara? Kagame ousted him. How? Habyarimana was assassinated and, just like his predecessor, his own murder was never prosecuted. What goes around comes around.
Fast forward to RPF rule. What lesson did Paul Kagame learn from his predecessors? None. Zip.
Kagame thinks he's the almighty. He crashed all opposition parties, he jails brave Rwandans who try to challenge him in sham elections (i.e., Victoire Ingabire, Théoneste Niyitegeka), or he kicks them out of the country (i.e., Faustin Twagiramungu). Kagame crashes his war comrades mercilessly (he killed Karegeya and Ruzibiza, he jailed Kabuye and Rusagara, he threw out Kayumba and Higiro), just like Habyarimana did Kanyarengwe and Lizinde who turned out to become instrumental in the struggle to oust him.
Kagame has been in power for 2 decades now, and he wants to rule for another 2 decades. Kagame is converting "Rwanda constitution" into "Kagame constitution". (Refer to https://www.facebook.com/bosco.mutarambirwa/posts/685631003619:1)
From: mulindwa@look.ca
To: ugandans-at-heart@googlegroups.com; Mwananchi@yahoogroups.com
Subject: {UAH} PAUL KAGAME BECOMES A LIFE PRESIDENT
Date: Sat, 31 Oct 2015 10:23:30 -0400
Rwandan Parliament Makes US Ally and Military Partner, Paul Kagame President for Life
Global Research, October 29, 2015
Rwanda has never, since its independence from Belgium, experienced peaceful transfer of power from one "elected" president to another. Each president that grabs power declares himself the only Rwandan capable of ruling. Each regime comes in power because they want to remove the dictator from power and hand the mantle of state power to " the people." Change from one regime to another has always been bloody in Rwanda.
In 1994 General Paul Kagame defeated General Habyarimana after a bloody four year civil war. General Habyarimana had made himself " the father of the nation" and an irreplaceable president of Rwanda. General Kagame and his RPF/A waged the 1990-1994 war because General Habyarimana had closed all the possible venues for peaceful transfer of power. General Kagame and his RPF/A sounded determined to hand power over to " the people" after the war. Over a million Rwandans perished during the war.
General Kagame and his Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) party: More of the same
After the war and massacres that brought Gen Kagame and his RPF/A into power, Gen Kagame's diagnosis of Rwanda's problem was " bad political leadership and clinging on to power. To address this problem, Gen Kagame and his RPF/A wrote the 2003 Rwanda Constitution. Article 101 of the 2003 Constitution provides, inter alia , " no person shall be president for more than two terms". Each term is 7 years under the 2003 Constitution of Rwanda.
Gen Kagame's second and last term under the 2003 constitution of Rwanda is due to expire in 2017. General Kagame claims that no Rwandan is capable of leading the country and " the people" need him to consolidate his "achievements".
Constitutional amendment to keep General Kagame in office:
In a bid to legitimize his broad scheme to cling to power, Paul Kagame deployed his brutal security apparatus, at all levels of his administration, to compel " the people" to petition Parliament to change the law regarding term limits. Millions of Rwandans, including those who cannot read and/or write, "wrote" to Parliament " begging" for a constitutional amendment. The General then instituted a " constitutional review commission" which " consulted" the people before Parliament passed the constitutional review proposal on October 28th, 2015.
The new law of the jungle:
Parliament approved various amendments including Article 167 which provides that: Considering the citizen petitions preceeding [preceding] the coming into force of this revised Constitution that were informed by the nation-building achievements and creation of a sustainable development foundation, the President of the Republic completing the term of office referred to in Paragraph One of this Article may be re-elected for a seven (7) years term of office. The President of the Republic who has completed the term of office of seven (7) years referred to in [ ...] this Article may be re-elected as provided for by Article 101 of this Constitution.
Article 168: Senators Senators in office at the time of commencement. Article 167 comes under a Section termed " Transitional Provisions".
Article 101 provides that " The President of the Republic is elected for a term of office of five (5) years. He/she may be re-elected only once."
A most unusual law:
Article 167 read together with Article 101 has many implications.
First, the "amendment " has created an exception for the current president and military commander of Rwanda. Article 101 will be shelved until after seven years – the exceptional term created for him after 2017 – when Kagame will start running for a five year term, renewable only once, giving Kagame a chance to rule for 17 years after 2017. This is confirmation that "some animals are more equal than others " in this Animal Farm, thereby rendering the constitutional principle of equality before the law null and void.
Second, the law does not mention whether or not, if Kagame died or otherwise becomes incapacitated after 2017 but before 2024, Article 101 would come into force immediately. In any case, a constitutional provision ( the proposed Article 101) that shall not come into force until after 7 years is a most unusual law.
Third, the amendment creates " transitional provisions" in a constitution without a provisional government. "Transitional provisions" without a transitional government prove that what Kagame's junta has completed is a constitutional coup, not an "amendment to the constitution," as they call it.
Charles Kambanda is a Rwandan American attorney, a former law professor at the National University of Rwanda, and an apostate member of the Rwandan Patriotic Front, now living in exile in New York City.
The original source of this article is Global Research
Copyright © Charles Kambanda, Global Research, 2015
EM
On the 49th Parallel
Thé Mulindwas Communication Group
"With Yoweri Museveni, Ssabassajja and Dr. Kiiza Besigye, Uganda is in anarchy"
Kuungana Mulindwa Mawasiliano Kikundi
"Pamoja na Yoweri Museveni, Ssabassajja na Dk. Kiiza Besigye, Uganda ni katika machafuko"
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-Ce dont jai le plus peur, cest des gens qui croient que, du jour au lendemain, on peut prendre une société, lui tordre le cou et en faire une autre.
-The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. And so long as men die, liberty will never perish.
-I have loved justice and hated iniquity: therefore I die in exile.
-The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.
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