Inkingi y'Amahoro, tariki ya 8 Nyakanga 2013

Nk'uko bisanzwe buri wa mbere, saa mbiri za nimugoroba, isaha ya Washington DC, ishyaka FDU-Inkingi rigenera abakunzi ba Radiyo Itahuka, ikiganiro cyitwa "Inkingi y'Amahoro".

Muri urwo rwego, kuri uyu wa mbere, tariki ya 8 Nyakanga 2013, Bwana Charles Ndereyehe, Umujyanama Ushinzwe Ingamba no Gusesengura Ibibazo n'Inzira za Politiki muri FDU-Inkingi, azatuganirira ku ngingo ikurikira:

 

"Demokarasi FDU-Inkingi ishaka ko isakara mu banyarwanda ni iyihe?"

 

Muzabe muri benshi.

 

Ni kuri uyu wa mbere, tariki ya 8 Nyakanga  2013:

 

·         saa mbiri za nimugoroba (8:00pm) i Washington DC, Montreal, Ottawa na Toronto.

 

Kuwa kabiri, tariki ya 9 Nyakanga  2013:

 

·         saa sita z'ijoro (0:00am) i Dakar, Monrovia, Freetown na Abidjan.

·         saa saba z'ijoro (1:00am) i Londoni, Abuja, Yaounde, Brazzaville, na Bangui.

·         saa munani z'ijoro (2:00am) i Paris, Bruxelles, Frankfurt, Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Amsterdam, Madrid, Kigali, Bujumbura, Goma, Bukavu, Pretoria, Lusaka, Lilongwe, Harare, Maputo, na Johannesburg;

·         saa cyenda z'ijoro (3:00am) i Kampala, Nairobi, Mombasa, Arusha, Mwanza na Dar-Es-Salam.

·         saa kumi n'imwe n'igice zo mu gitondo (5:30am) i New Delhi mu Buhindi.

·         saa yine zo mu gitondo (10:00am) i Sydney muri Australia.

Ohereza ikibazo cyawe ukoresheje email kuri: radioitahuka@gmail.com, cyangwa facebook kuri: https://www.facebook.com/ijwi.ryihurironyarwanda

Ushobora kandi no guhamagara kuri: +1-347-945-6449.

http://www.blogtalkradio.com/radioitahuka

Rwanda: Uburwayi bwa Paul Kagame butangiye gutera impungenge abakozi be ba hafi!

http://www.veritasinfo.fr/m/article-118901808.html

Rwanda: Uburwayi bwa Paul Kagame butangiye gutera impungenge abakozi be ba hafi!

Mu myaka ya shize havuzwe amakuru atari meza kubuzima bwa Perezida w'u Rwanda Paul Kagame. Nk'uko amakuru duhabwa n'abakozi ba hafi ya Kagame Paul abitumenyesha , perezida Kagame arwaye indwara ikomeye y'uruhu,iyo ndwara ikaba yaragaragajwe n'abaganga bo muri Amerika ko ari kanseri y'uruhu, usanga muri iyi minsi uruhu rwe rwipfunyarika cyane , rukamurya kandi rukazaho imvuvu nyinshi. Abaganga bo muri Amerika bagerageza kumuha imiti yo koroshya ubwo burwayi kandi buri mezi 3 akaba agomba kubonana n'umuganga.

 

Guhera mu mwaka w'2010 Kagame Paul yafashwe n'ubundi burwayi buteye impungenge cyane ; ubwo burwayi bwatangiye Perezida acika intege cyane, akagira uburakari vuba ndetse akibagirwa vuba ibyo yarimo avuga. Ubwo burwayi bwagaragaraga nk'umunaniro mwinshi, abaganga bamusabye kujya aruhuka bihagije, ariko aho ibihe bigeze ubwo burwayi bwafashe indi ntera kuburyo Kagame Paul asigaye agira uburakari n'umujinya mwinshi ari kuvuga kandi akaba avuga ibintu byose atekereza yagombaga kugira ibanga. Abashinzwe kumutegurira ijambo mbwirwaruhame basigaye bagira ikibazo gikomeye kuko bategura iryo jambo we akivugira ibimurimo bidafite aho bihuriye n'ijambo ryateguwe !

 

Agahomamunwa muri ubwo burwayi bwa Paul Kagame kagaragaye mu ijambo yavuze ku cyumweru taliki ya 30/06/2013 ubwo yafataga ijambo imbere y'urubyiruko rusanga igihumbi ruhuriye mu ishyirahamwe ryitwa « Youth Connect », urwo rubyiruko rukaba rwaratumiwe huti huti na ministeri y'urubyiruko ifatanyije n'ishyirahamwe « imbuto Fondation » riyoborwa na Jeannetti Kagame . Ari imbere y'urwo rubyiruko Kagame Paul yavuze amagambo agaragaza ko afite ikibazo gikomeye mu mutwe , ubu akaba atagishobora kwigenzura.Kubera uburemere bw'iryo jambo, Kagame Paul amaze kurivuga umufasha we Janeti Kagame yafashe ijambo asa nuwisegura kurubyiruko , arubwira ko rutagomba gutahana ipfunwe kuko ari abahutu kuko icyaha ari gatozi, ibyo yari abitewe ni uko umugabo we Kagame Paul yasabye urubyiruko rw'abahutu gusaba imbabazi z'ibyaha byakozwe n'ababyeyi babo b'abahutu ngo kuko bishe abatutsi muri jenoside ! Urwo rubyiruko rwasabye imbabazi ! Igitangaje ni ukumenya uburyo urwo rubyiruko rw'abahutu rwamenyekanye kandi nta moko akiba mu Rwanda !

Paul Kagame yafashe ibitekerezo bye by'ubugome twakwita ibanga yibitsemo abishyira ahagaragara atari ngombwa kubera uburwayi ,imbere y'urubyiruko yari aje kubwira ijambo ryo kurukangurira kugira imyitwarire myiza itarimo urwango no kugira nabi yarihunduye ijambo ryo kwivuga ibigwi byo kwica no kuvangura amoko !

 

Amagambo agaragaza uburwayi bwa Kagame 

 

Muri iryo Jambo rikomeye , Kagame Paul yavuze amagambo ateye kwishisha :

1.Kagame yagize ati « waha political spece  abajenosideri ugasaba indi political spece yihe uretse gushinyagura gusa !Ejobundi nabwiye aba baministre, nti maze iminsi nsoma ngo mwabujije abantu kwiyandikisha gukora politiki, murababuriza iki ? nkababwira nti niba ari ukubabuza muraha abantu agaciro batari banafite !Hee…ariko nibagerageza kugira uwo bahutaza ntabwo bazamenya icyabakubise !! »

 

2.Kagame yakomeje agira ati « Nabo ngabo ejobundi wumvise batangiye kuvugira interahamwe ngo na FDLR ngo abantu bumvikane nabo,bumvikane nabo ? njye ntabwo nirirwa njya impaka kuri icyo ngicyo…nzashaka akanya keza maze mwice..ntabwo rwose njyewe nanamusubije, ntabwo nigeze ahahaha…hari umurongo narimwe udashobora kurenga..nabo bumva barabavugiye bagashyugumbwa, n'ibyo bigarasha bindi bikorana nabo, bakumva ko icyaha cyahindutse politiki … »

 

Twibaze kuri ubu burwayi !

 

Mu mibereho y'umuntu, hari ibintu bikomeye aba yibitsemo atavuga, kenshi aba ari ibitekerezo bihishe imigambi mibi yifuza kuzashyira mu bikorwa ,cyangwa se ibintu byamushimishije cyane mu buzima cyangwa bikamubabaza cyane ; ibyo bintu byose abibika mu bwonko ahantu hatagerwa (subconscient). Ariko rero ibyo bintu biri aho hantu hahishe hari igihe bivumbuka bikajya hanze nyirubwite atabishaka biturutse ku mpamvu 3 arizo zikurikira :

 

Ibiyobyabwenge : Iyo umuntu yanyoye inzoga zisindisha cyangwa akanywa ibibyabwenge nk'urumogi, avuga amabanga yahishe mu bwonko atabishaka. Nibwo umuntu asinda agahita akubwira akari imurori,ibyo akubwira biba bimurimo bivuye muri ka kabati ko mu mutwe (subconscient) yabihishemo.

 

Intonganya : Iyo umuntu afite uburakari bwinshi kuburyo ashora gufatana mu muhogo n'uwo bahanganye, asa nutaye ubwenge akamubwira akari imurori ; icyo gihe amutuka ibitutsi byinshi cyane, akivumbura, iyo bigeze kundunduro niho amubwira ijambo ryo kumwica ! Abahanga bemeza ko mu ijambo mbwirwaruhame (discours) bidashoboka ngo uburakari bufate umuntu uri kubwira abatumirwa ijambo ryateguwe ngo ababwire amabanga yibitsemo atavugirwa ahagaragara (subconscient) kiretse arwaye !

 

Uburwayi bwo mu mutwe : Umurwayi wo mu mutwe nawe avuga ibintu biri mubwihisho bwo mu mutwe we , aho yabitse ibintu adashobora kuvuga ari muzima !

 

 

Kuba rero Kagame Paul yaravugiye imbere y'urubyiruko ko azashaka akanya keza (yabivuze mu cyongereza) maze akica perezida wa Tanzaniya birashimangira uburwayi bukomeye Paul Kagame afite bwo mu mutwe ! Uretse no kuvuga iryo jambo ryo kwica ari umukuru w'igihugu kandi akarivugira imbere y'urubyiruko muruhame, n'umubyeyi uri imbere y'abana be ntashobora kubabwira ko azica umuntu n'ubwo yaba abifite muri gahunda ze ; kiretse nyine ari muri kimwe muri biriya bice twavuze haruguru.

 

Paul Kagame bizwi ko atanywa agatama kuburyo yari yasinze , guterura ijambo ryo kwica umukuru w'igihugu cya Tanzaniya imbere y'urubyiruko kandi muruhame , ndetse akabivuga mu rurimi rw'icyongereza kugira ngo Kikwete abyiyumvire ,birerekana ko yabaye umurwayi kera !

 

Abanyarwanda bakaba bafite akaga gakomeye ko kuyoborwa n'umukuru w'igihugu w'umurwayi ushobora koreka igihugu, uburwayi bwe kandi burimo bufata intera ikomeye atari mu magambo gusa ndetse no mu bikorwa kuko ubu bivugwa ko yategetse Laurent Nkunda wigeze kujya gufata umujyi wa Goma kujya gusimbura Sultani Makenga warashwe ubu akaba arembye bikomeye , muri gahunda yo gufata umujyi wa Goma !

 

 

Imana ifashe u Rwanda rutarimburwa n'umuyobozi w'umurwayi !

 

 

Kanda aha wumve igice k'ijambo Kagame Paul yavuze kigaragaza uburwayi twavuze :

 

 

 

 

 

Umusomyi wa veritasinfo  

 

 

JEU 4 JUI 20131 COMMENTAIRE

KOKO AMARASO ARASAMA!!! PRESIDENT PAUL KAGAME AGEZE AHANTU HAKOMEYE. DISCOURS (SPEECHS) ZE ZITEYE ISONI N'UBWOBA BWINSHI !!! NTABWO BIKIRI IBANGA!!! U RWANDA RUGEZE KU MANGA (MUTEREMUKO) IKOMEYE!!!  

Jean Musafiri.

Jean Musafiri - Aujourd'hui à 00h39

Burkina Faso : manifestations pour réclamer le départ de Compaoré

http://www.afrik.com/burkina-faso-manifestations-pour-reclamer-le-depart-de-compaore

Burkina Faso : manifestations pour réclamer le départ de Compaoré

SAMEDI 29 JUIN 2013 / PAR ASSANATOU BALDÉ

Plusieurs milliers de personnes sont descendues dans la rue ce samedi à Ouagadougou, réclamant le départ du président Blaise Compaoré au pouvoir depuis 25 ans ! La création d'un Sénat, lui permettant de se représenter à la présidentielle en 2015 a mis le feu aux poudres.

Honni par la rue, Blaise Compaoré ne peux plus dormir plus sur ses deux oreilles ! "Non au pouvoir à vie", "25 ans de pouvoir, trop c'est trop, va-t-en", ont scandé des milliers de manifestants descendus dans la rue ce samedi dans le centre de la capitale Ouagadougou à l'appel de l'opposition. Cette dernière a convié les Burkinabè à ce rassemblement pour protester contre la création du Sénat mais aussi contre la vie chère.

Un projet voté en mai par les députés et présenté comme un moyen de développer la démocratie dans le pays. Il s'agit en réalité un moyen pour Blaise Compaoré de modifier la Constitution pour se frayer un chemin, lui permettant de se représenter à la présidentielle prévue en 2015, après 25 ans de pouvoir.

« Personne ne veut de ce Sénat »

Selon le chef de file l'opposition Ziphirin Diabré, « personne ne veut de ce Sénat, dénonçant une supercherie et un gaspillage inacceptable. Le pouvoir cherche à imposer coûte que coûte ce Sénat pour engager une révision de l'article 37 de la Constitution limitant le nombre de mandats présidentiels et donner à M. Compaoré un pouvoir à vie », selon lui.

La protestation n'a pas eu lieu sans heurts. La police est intervenue pour disperser la manifestation, lançant des gaz lacrymogène. Plusieurs blessés ont été constatés. La marche s'est déroulée dans le calme jusqu'à ce que des protestataires forcent des barrières de sécurité, au moment où les dirigeants de l'opposition devaient remettre leur "message" à un émissaire du gouvernement. D'autres manifestations contre ce Sénat ont eu lieu samedi à travers le pays, notamment à Bobo Dioulasso, dans le sud, la deuxième ville du pays.

Le projet de la création d'un Sénat, dont la mise en place est prévue en septembre, avait été décidée dans le cadre de "réformes démocratiques". Ces dernières avaient été annoncées après un vaste mouvement de protestation, marqué notamment par des mutineries, qui avait failli provoquer la chute de Blaise Compaoré, qui s'était même réfugié dans son village natal en 2011, craignant un coup d'Etat. Après 25 ans de règne depuis l'assassinat de Thomas Sankara, son avenir à la tête du pays pourrait être compromis...

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	LIRE AUSSI Blaise Compaoré : un quart de siècle au pouvoir Alors qu'un vent de révolte souffle depuis plusieurs semaines sur le Burkina Faso, l'autorité de Blaise Compaoré vacille et son statut de président inamovible s'effrite....

Why millions of Egyptians wanted Morsi out

http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/features/88089

Why millions of Egyptians wanted Morsi out

Abayomi Azikiwe

2013-07-03, Issue 637

http://pambazuka.org/en/category/features/88089

Printer friendly version

cc I KThe only real hope for Egypt is the formation of a government of national unity where the progressive forces are at the centre of the emerging political dispensation

STOP PRESS: Following mass protests, Egypt's army has ousted President Mohammed Morsi from power, placed him under house arrest, suspended the constitution and pledged to hold early elections. The top judge of Egypt's Constitutional Court, Adly Mahmud Mansour, has been sworn in as interim leader.

******

On June 30 opposition political forces in Egypt brought people into the streets demanding early elections and the resignation of the Muslim Brotherhood dominated government headed by President Mohamed Morsi. Despite Morsi's efforts to defend his views through the national media, the legacy of neo-colonialism in this North African state persists, necessitating a firm break with imperialism as a pre-condition for the launching of any genuine program of national revival and development.

Yet Morsi has sought to remain within the orbit of United States dominance and influence. The domestic and foreign policy approaches by Morsi have continued along the same pattern that arose during the late 1970s when Egypt signed a separate peace treaty with the State of Israel under the mediation of President Jimmy Carter.

President Hosni Mubarak inherited this process and inevitably alienated the majority of the Egyptian people. With the uprising of early 2011, the people demonstrated their capacity to mobilize and organize against an autocratic system.

What has been lacking is the required level of political uniformity and ideological orientation that could provide a people's roadmap into the future. Obviously the Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) government of President Morsi does not have a broad outlook that is conducive to the overall unity needed to move Egypt forward.

In light of the mass demonstrations which have swept the country, the military said that if the politicians could not reach some agreement on how to resolve the crisis within forty-eight hours, they would put forward their own program for the country. Such a statement raises questions about the character of the military's ultimatum.

The military wrote in this ultimatum that, "The Armed Forces will not be a party in the circles of politics or governance and are not willing to step out of the role defined for them by the basic ideals of democracy based on the will of the people."

Nonetheless, at the same time the statement said: "The national security of the state is exposed to extreme danger by the developments the nation is witnessing, and this places a responsibility on us, each according to his position, to act as is proper to avert these dangers. The armed forces sensed early on the dangers of the current situation and the demands the great people have at this time." 

This same proclamation then went on to say that, "Therefore, it previously set a deadline of a week for all political forces in the country to come to a consensus and get out of this crisis. However, the week has passed without any sign of an initiative. This is what led to the people coming out with determination and resolve, in their full freedom, in this glorious way, which inspired surprise, respect and attention at the domestic, regional and international levels."

Will the military seek to seize power as it did in February 2011 amid the mass unrest demanding the resignation of Mubarak? Or will the defense forces call for the creation of a government of national unity that could encompass wider social forces and political parties in a cabinet that would outline a series of elections and other measures to stabilize Egypt?

Moreover, would the majority of the people of Egypt accept a military seizure of power carried out under the guise of a national emergency? Could a military junta maintain the reins of the state even if it could justify such a putsch?

THE CHARACTER OF THE EGYPTIAN OPPOSITION FORCES

Egypt's opposition political forces are by no means a cohesive group with similar ideas about governance, political economy, foreign relations and national security. Morsi has largely run his government with the assistance of the Muslim Brotherhood allied FJP as well as the Nour Party which is the political face of a large section of the Salafists.

The opposition parties and coalitions range from the more liberal and social democratic groups such as Strong Egypt, the April 6 Youth Movement, the Revolutionary Socialists, Popular Current to the Constitution Party and others. There have been various broad-based coalitions that have come together to launch mass protests and other forms of resistance but these formations are fluid and have not been able to agree upon a cohesive program.

All of the groups that consider themselves revolutionaries have opposed the notion that the military should seize power from the FJP and its allies in the government. During the period of rule of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF), between February 2011 to June 2012, the country was marked by widespread unrest resulting in mass arrests, injuries and deaths.

It was the military which set the terms for the elections that took place after the fall of Mubarak. When the two final candidates emerged from the electoral process in 2012, one represented the defense forces, Ahmed Shafik, and Mohamed Morsi, who was backed by the Muslim Brotherhood and the Salafist parties.

Consequently, many of the young revolutionaries and worker organizations refused to participate in the national elections in 2012. They felt strongly that the military and the Brotherhood had dominated political life in Egypt for decades and that political space should be created for other forces to participate in a meaningful and effective fashion.

In response to the military ultimatum of July 1, a coalition of progressive organizations responded by saying no to defense forces rule in Egypt. The position of these left organizations is that they oppose both the continued rule of the Muslim Brotherhood and the possibility of a return to power by the Generals.

Activist Ingy Hamdy told Ahram Online that "The 6 April Youth Group [Ahmed Maher Front] has made it clear that there is no turning back to pre-25 January 2011 and Mubarak rule, or to post-11 February 2011 military rule. We made this clear when we joined other political groups and parties opposed to military rule, Mubarak regime rule and Muslim Brotherhood rule." (July 1)

This same activist went on to say: "The statement by the armed forces was clear regarding what it said about giving 48 hours to political powers to reconcile or else it would introduce a political roadmap. We are totally against this; we support the role of the army as protector of our borders, our people and our national security, but we do not want to return to military rule or a political roadmap."

Hamdy noted that it was the "political roadmap" outlined by the military in 2011 that created the conditions for the current impasse today. "The roadmap is already there; it has been provided by revolutionary youth in the form of the roadmap of the 30 June Front and the youth of the 'Rebel' campaign and 6 April."

The June 30 Front which organized the massive demonstrations over the weekend put forward a series of demands to the Morsi government. Ahram Online says that "The roadmap proposed by the 30 June Front stated that President Morsi should be replaced by the head of Egypt's High Constitutional Court; that Egypt should have an independent prime minister; and that a technocratic cabinet be appointed for six months until a new constitution is drafted, to be followed by presidential and parliamentary elections."

Nonetheless, some of the Islamist forces that have fallen out of favor with President Morsi and his supporters are expressing mixed views on the military ultimatum. The Nour Party which was previously allied with the FJP appears to be undecided and the Wasat Party seems to be more sympathetic to the military's position.

Nevertheless, enhancing the role of the military in the current crisis or a seizure of state power by the armed forces will not resolve the problems of the people of Egypt. It is the legacy of U.S.-dominated neo-colonial rule which is the source of the political quagmire.

The Morsi government has not put forward any ideas that would break the cycle of the decades-long alliance between Egypt, the U.S. and the State of Israel. Egypt must turn towards Africa and the progressive forces throughout the region in order to chart a real and meaningful roadmap for unity and national development.

Rather than creating further tensions in the region by breaking relations with Syria, which is under siege by U.S.-backed rebel forces, or threatening military action against Ethiopia over the use of the Nile River, the Morsi government should have pursued a policy of cooperation with Syria and Ethiopia. The only real hope for Egypt is the formation of a government of national unity where the progressive forces are at the center of the emerging political dispensation.

The formation of such a national unity government would rely on the African Union (AU) and the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) as a political base for guiding its foreign as well as domestic program on reconciliation. Egypt with its substantial population, the third largest in Africa, and its strategic location and resources, should move to the forefront of efforts aimed at charting an independent course for the African continent and the Middle East.

* Abayomi Azikiwe is Editor, Pan-African News Wire

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Why millions of Egyptians wanted Morsi out

http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/features/88089

Why millions of Egyptians wanted Morsi out

Abayomi Azikiwe

2013-07-03, Issue 637

http://pambazuka.org/en/category/features/88089

Printer friendly version

cc I KThe only real hope for Egypt is the formation of a government of national unity where the progressive forces are at the centre of the emerging political dispensation

STOP PRESS: Following mass protests, Egypt's army has ousted President Mohammed Morsi from power, placed him under house arrest, suspended the constitution and pledged to hold early elections. The top judge of Egypt's Constitutional Court, Adly Mahmud Mansour, has been sworn in as interim leader.

******

On June 30 opposition political forces in Egypt brought people into the streets demanding early elections and the resignation of the Muslim Brotherhood dominated government headed by President Mohamed Morsi. Despite Morsi's efforts to defend his views through the national media, the legacy of neo-colonialism in this North African state persists, necessitating a firm break with imperialism as a pre-condition for the launching of any genuine program of national revival and development.

Yet Morsi has sought to remain within the orbit of United States dominance and influence. The domestic and foreign policy approaches by Morsi have continued along the same pattern that arose during the late 1970s when Egypt signed a separate peace treaty with the State of Israel under the mediation of President Jimmy Carter.

President Hosni Mubarak inherited this process and inevitably alienated the majority of the Egyptian people. With the uprising of early 2011, the people demonstrated their capacity to mobilize and organize against an autocratic system.

What has been lacking is the required level of political uniformity and ideological orientation that could provide a people's roadmap into the future. Obviously the Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) government of President Morsi does not have a broad outlook that is conducive to the overall unity needed to move Egypt forward.

In light of the mass demonstrations which have swept the country, the military said that if the politicians could not reach some agreement on how to resolve the crisis within forty-eight hours, they would put forward their own program for the country. Such a statement raises questions about the character of the military's ultimatum.

The military wrote in this ultimatum that, "The Armed Forces will not be a party in the circles of politics or governance and are not willing to step out of the role defined for them by the basic ideals of democracy based on the will of the people."

Nonetheless, at the same time the statement said: "The national security of the state is exposed to extreme danger by the developments the nation is witnessing, and this places a responsibility on us, each according to his position, to act as is proper to avert these dangers. The armed forces sensed early on the dangers of the current situation and the demands the great people have at this time." 

This same proclamation then went on to say that, "Therefore, it previously set a deadline of a week for all political forces in the country to come to a consensus and get out of this crisis. However, the week has passed without any sign of an initiative. This is what led to the people coming out with determination and resolve, in their full freedom, in this glorious way, which inspired surprise, respect and attention at the domestic, regional and international levels."

Will the military seek to seize power as it did in February 2011 amid the mass unrest demanding the resignation of Mubarak? Or will the defense forces call for the creation of a government of national unity that could encompass wider social forces and political parties in a cabinet that would outline a series of elections and other measures to stabilize Egypt?

Moreover, would the majority of the people of Egypt accept a military seizure of power carried out under the guise of a national emergency? Could a military junta maintain the reins of the state even if it could justify such a putsch?

THE CHARACTER OF THE EGYPTIAN OPPOSITION FORCES

Egypt's opposition political forces are by no means a cohesive group with similar ideas about governance, political economy, foreign relations and national security. Morsi has largely run his government with the assistance of the Muslim Brotherhood allied FJP as well as the Nour Party which is the political face of a large section of the Salafists.

The opposition parties and coalitions range from the more liberal and social democratic groups such as Strong Egypt, the April 6 Youth Movement, the Revolutionary Socialists, Popular Current to the Constitution Party and others. There have been various broad-based coalitions that have come together to launch mass protests and other forms of resistance but these formations are fluid and have not been able to agree upon a cohesive program.

All of the groups that consider themselves revolutionaries have opposed the notion that the military should seize power from the FJP and its allies in the government. During the period of rule of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF), between February 2011 to June 2012, the country was marked by widespread unrest resulting in mass arrests, injuries and deaths.

It was the military which set the terms for the elections that took place after the fall of Mubarak. When the two final candidates emerged from the electoral process in 2012, one represented the defense forces, Ahmed Shafik, and Mohamed Morsi, who was backed by the Muslim Brotherhood and the Salafist parties.

Consequently, many of the young revolutionaries and worker organizations refused to participate in the national elections in 2012. They felt strongly that the military and the Brotherhood had dominated political life in Egypt for decades and that political space should be created for other forces to participate in a meaningful and effective fashion.

In response to the military ultimatum of July 1, a coalition of progressive organizations responded by saying no to defense forces rule in Egypt. The position of these left organizations is that they oppose both the continued rule of the Muslim Brotherhood and the possibility of a return to power by the Generals.

Activist Ingy Hamdy told Ahram Online that "The 6 April Youth Group [Ahmed Maher Front] has made it clear that there is no turning back to pre-25 January 2011 and Mubarak rule, or to post-11 February 2011 military rule. We made this clear when we joined other political groups and parties opposed to military rule, Mubarak regime rule and Muslim Brotherhood rule." (July 1)

This same activist went on to say: "The statement by the armed forces was clear regarding what it said about giving 48 hours to political powers to reconcile or else it would introduce a political roadmap. We are totally against this; we support the role of the army as protector of our borders, our people and our national security, but we do not want to return to military rule or a political roadmap."

Hamdy noted that it was the "political roadmap" outlined by the military in 2011 that created the conditions for the current impasse today. "The roadmap is already there; it has been provided by revolutionary youth in the form of the roadmap of the 30 June Front and the youth of the 'Rebel' campaign and 6 April."

The June 30 Front which organized the massive demonstrations over the weekend put forward a series of demands to the Morsi government. Ahram Online says that "The roadmap proposed by the 30 June Front stated that President Morsi should be replaced by the head of Egypt's High Constitutional Court; that Egypt should have an independent prime minister; and that a technocratic cabinet be appointed for six months until a new constitution is drafted, to be followed by presidential and parliamentary elections."

Nonetheless, some of the Islamist forces that have fallen out of favor with President Morsi and his supporters are expressing mixed views on the military ultimatum. The Nour Party which was previously allied with the FJP appears to be undecided and the Wasat Party seems to be more sympathetic to the military's position.

Nevertheless, enhancing the role of the military in the current crisis or a seizure of state power by the armed forces will not resolve the problems of the people of Egypt. It is the legacy of U.S.-dominated neo-colonial rule which is the source of the political quagmire.

The Morsi government has not put forward any ideas that would break the cycle of the decades-long alliance between Egypt, the U.S. and the State of Israel. Egypt must turn towards Africa and the progressive forces throughout the region in order to chart a real and meaningful roadmap for unity and national development.

Rather than creating further tensions in the region by breaking relations with Syria, which is under siege by U.S.-backed rebel forces, or threatening military action against Ethiopia over the use of the Nile River, the Morsi government should have pursued a policy of cooperation with Syria and Ethiopia. The only real hope for Egypt is the formation of a government of national unity where the progressive forces are at the center of the emerging political dispensation.

The formation of such a national unity government would rely on the African Union (AU) and the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) as a political base for guiding its foreign as well as domestic program on reconciliation. Egypt with its substantial population, the third largest in Africa, and its strategic location and resources, should move to the forefront of efforts aimed at charting an independent course for the African continent and the Middle East.

* Abayomi Azikiwe is Editor, Pan-African News Wire

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