Umuryango Human Rights Watch uherutse gushyira hanze ibikorwa bigayitse byagiye bikorwa n'inyeshamba za M23 byigajemo ubwicanyi hamwe no gufata abagore ku ngufu muri Kongo .
Gihamya zerekana uburyo u Rwanda rukomeje gufasha inyeshamba za M23
Keneth Roth,Umuyobozi wa Human Rights Watch urasaba loni,Perezida Obama hamwe n'ibihugu by'abaterankunga b'u Rwanda kwamagana perezida Kagame kumugaragaro kubera uburyo akomeje guhitana imbaga y'inzirakarengane ya baturage muri Kongo akoresheje inyeshamba ze za M23 kubera umururumba wamurenze wo gushaka gukomeza guhuguza umutungo kamere wa Kongo'
Umuryango Human Rights Watch washyize ahagaragara ejobundi inyandiko yerekana ibikorwa by'ubwicanyi simusiga bigizwe n'ubwicanyi hamwe no gufata ku ngufu inzirakarengane z'abasiviri. Iyo nyandiko isobanura uburyo izo nyeshyamba za M23 zishe abasiviri bagera kuri 44 bazira akarengane, zinafata abagore hamwe n'abakobwa ku ngufu bagera kuri 61, mu gihe gito cyane, dore ko ibyo babikoze kuva ejobundi muri werurwe 2013 kugeza magingo aya uwo mutwe ukaba ukibasiye abasiviri. Human Rights Watch ikaba yaranagaragaje uburyo abaturage, abatorotse inyeshyamba za M23, bagaragaje uburyo izo nyeshyamba zinjije abagabo hamwe n'incuke mu gisirikare ku ngufu, ibi bakaba barabikoreye mu Rwanda hamwe no muri Kongo.
Nyuma y'imishyikirano yamaze hafi amezi abiri, imirwano yongeye kubura mu ku wa 14 z'ukwezi kwa karindwi 2013, hagati y'ingabo z'igihugu cya Kongo (FARDC) hamwe n'inyeshyamba za m23 zarwaniraga mu burasirazuba bw'icyo gihugu, hafi y'umugi wa Goma.
Abaturage ba Kongo hamwe n'abatorotse inyeshyamba za M23 berekanye uburyo u Rwanda rukomeje gusuganya ibikorwa by'imfashanyo mu Rwanda kugirango babigemurire umutwe wanduye w'inyeshyamba za M23. Muri ubwo bufasha u Rwanda rugenera izo nyeshyamba za M23, harimo uruhererekane rw'abagabo baturuka mu Rwanda bagana muri Kongo, bakaba iteka baba bambaye imyenda ya gisirikare cy'ingabo z'u Rwanda (RDF), ari na bo bagemurira inyeshyamba za M23 ibintu bitandukanye birimo imifuka yo muceri ,inguguru z'amata , imbunda, amasasu hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho bya gisirikare biba bikenewe.
Iyo raporo na none yerekana uburyo inyeshyamba za M23 zari zimaze iminsi zikorera ibikorwa by'ubukangurambaga ku butaka bw'u Rwanda. Abasirikare bakuru b'u Rwanda bakaba baratoreje inyeshyamba za M23 abantu bagomba kwinjira mu gisirikare cyayo, bakaba banahora bavugana kandi abo basirikare b'u Rwanda bakaba banahura n'abayobozi b'inyeshyamba za M23 umunsi ku wundi.
Umuyobozi wa Human Rights Watch ushinzwe igisate cya Afurika, Daniel Bekele yabitangaje muri aya magambo: "Si gusa ko u Rwanda rwemereye inyeshamba zanduye za M23 ko zishakira abayoboke bo kwinjira mu mutwe wazo ko ubutaka bwarwo bakanaziha n'ibokosho byo kurwanisha ,ariko na none igisirikare cy'u Rwanda kikaba kinakomeje gutera ingabo mu bitugu inyeshyamba za M23 ku mugaragaro". Yaranakomeje avuga muri aya magambo: "Zimwe mu nkunga u Rwanda rutera izo nyeshyamba harimo no gutera ingabo mu bitugu umutwe nk'uriya uzwiho ibikorwa by'ubwicanyi ndengakamere, gufata abagore ku ngufu, hamwe n'ibikorwa ndengakamere byibasiye inyokumuntu".
Bumwe mu buhamya umuryango Human Rights Watch uherutse kubona, bukubiyemo ibiganiro yagiye ikorana n'abantu bagera ku ijana kuva mu kwezi kwa gatatu, muri abo hakaba harimo n'abahoze ari inyeshyamba za M23 bitandukanyije n'uwo mutwe hagati y'ukwezi kwa gatatu n'ukwa karindwi, kandi ikindi nuko bamwe mu baturage batuye hafi y'umupaka w'u Rwanda na Kongo aho usanga bamwe muri bo baragiye bakomeretswa bikabije.
Hiyongereye kuri ibyo bikorwa by'urukozwa soni, umuryango Human Rights Watch wanashyize ahagaragara inyandiko ikubiyemo ingero z'ubwicanyi hamwe n'ifatwa ry'abagore ku ngufu ryakozwe n'imitwe y'intagondwa z'abahutu b'abanyekongo bakorera imbere no hanze y'ibirindiro bigenzurwa n'inyeshyamba za M23. Yanagaragaje uburyo bamwe mu basirikare bakuru ba Leta ya Kongo bakomeje gufasha iyo mitwe y'intagondwa z'abahutu b'abanyekongo yitwaje intwaro, hamwe n'umutwe wa FDLR, umutwe wiganjemo umubare munini w'abahutu, abenshi muri bo bakaba baragize uruhare muri jenoside yo muri 1994.
Kuva uwo mutwe w'inyeshyamba za M23 wakubura imirwano mu kwezi kwa kane 2012, waranzwe n'ibikorwa byo kwica amategeko agenga ibihe by'intambara. Nubwo izo nyeshyamba za M23 zakoze ibyaha ndengakamere bikurikirana, uwo mutwe witwaje intwaro wakomeje kubona imfashanyo zigaragara ziturutse kuri bamwe mu basirikare b'u Rwanda. Nyuma yaho uwo mutwe winjiriye muri Goma by'agateganyo mu kwezi kwa cumi na kumwe, ukaza gasubira inyuma na none tariki ya mbere ukwakira, uwo mutwe ubu uragenzura ibice binini bya Rutshuru na Nyiragongo, bihana imbibi n'u Rwanda hamwe na Kongo.
Mu kwezi kwa kane tariki ya 25 na 26, inyeshyamba za M23 zishe abaturage b'inzirakarengane b'abahutu bagera kuri 15, zibakuye mu biturage bitandukanye nko muri groupement ya Busanza, ibarizwa muri Rutshuru, naho abandi bagera kuri batandatu barishwe hagati y'ukwezi kwa gatandatu, igikorwa cyafashwe nko "guhana" abaturage baregwa kuba ibyitso by'abahutu b'abanyekongo.
Abandi baturage b'inzira karengane bishwe n'inyeshyamba za M23 kuva mu kwezi kwa gatatu, barimo umusaza w'imyaka mirongo itandatu n'ibiri, wishwe arashwe amasasu kubera ko yari yanze gushyikiriza umwana we w'umuhungu M23, umumotari wari wanze guha amafaranga M23 na we yarishwe, inyeshyamba za M23 zafashwe zigerageza gutoroka na zo zarishwe, hamwe n'abandi bagiye baregwa ibyaha byo kuba ibyitso by'intagondwa z'abahutu.
Mu kwezi kwa karindwi tariki ya 5, inyeshyamba za M23 zigera kuri 4 zafashe umwana w'umukobwa w'imyaka 12 agiye kuvoma amazi mu giturage kibarizwa muri Rutshuru. Undi murwanyi wa M23 wari wagurije umukobwa w'imyaka 18 amafaranga hafi ya Bunagana, yaje kurasa uwo mukobwa isasu mu kirenge, nyuma y'aho yangiye gukorana imibonano mpuzabitsina na we.
Kuva mu kwezi kwa gatandatu, abayobozi b'inyeshyamba za M23 bahatiye abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze kujya mu myitozo ya gisirikare hamwe no kugirango babacengezemo amatwara yabo, hamwe no kubasaba kubashakira abayoboke bagomba kwinjira muri M23. M23 ikaba yarafataga abo bayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze
nk'"abavuye ku rugerero", ku buryo bagomba guhamagazwa gutanga inkunga yo kurasana kimwe nk'inyeshamba za M23, mu gihe bakenewe.
M23 na none ikaba iherutse gushimuta hamwe no gufunga inzirakarengane z'abaturage mu byumweru bishize, abenshi muri abo bafunzwe akaba ari abahutu. M23 ikaba yarabaregaga gukorana na FDLR cyangwa gufatanya n'indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro y'abanyekongo b'abahutu. M23 ikaba yarabakubise nabi cyane, abandi ibamanika hejuru bahambiriye, nyuma iza kubafunga. Izo nyeshyamba za M23 zikaba zarahatiye benshi muri abo bari bakubiswe kinyamaswa kujya mu myitozo ya gisirikare kugirango bavemo inyeshyamba za M23.
Umwe mu bapolisi bakuru ba M23, watorotse igipolisi cya M23 mu kwezi kwa kane yatangarije Human Rights Watch uburyo yagize uruhare mu iperereza ry'imfu z'abaturage b'inzirakarengane bagiye bicwa na M23 . Yavuze ko buri rubanza yakoreraga iperereza, umwe mu basirikare bakuru ba M23 witwa Innocent Kayna, yamubwiye ko azajya ahora avuga ko ari amabandi y'abaturanyi yishe abo baturage binzirakarengane , ko atari M23. Human Rights Watch ikaba yaragerageje kuvugana na Sultani Makenga, uyoboye inyeshyamba za M23 kugirango agire icyo atangaza kuri ibi bikorwa by'ubwicanyi ndenga kamere hamwe no gufata abagore ku ngufu bikomeje gukorwa n'inyeshamba, ariko ntiyaboneka.
Abinjijwe mu gisirikare cya M23 mu Rwanda n'abahoze bari mu gisirikare cya RDF, hamwe n'abahoze mu gisirikare cya FDLR, abenshi muri bo bakaba babarizwa mu bavuye ku rugerero "Reserve Forces", hamwe n'abaturage. Umwe muri abo binjijwe muri M23 ni umwana w'imyaka cumi n'itanu, watangarije Human Rights Watch, ari kumwe n'abandi basore batoya ko bajyanywe bababeshye ko bagiye kubashakira akazi k'ubushumba muri Kongo, ariko nyuma y'aho bagerejwe muri Kongo babahatiye kwinjira mu gisirikare cya M23. Bahawe amahugurwa mu bya gisirikare batojwe n'abasirikare bakuru b'u Rwanda babarizwa muri Kongo ku ngufu. Bababwira ko nibagerageza gutoroka bazabica. Bamwe mu batorotse mu nyeshyamba za M23 batangarije Human Rights Watch uburyo abasirikare bakuru b'u Rwanda bari barimo gutoza igisirikare, ikindi kiciro cy'abinjijwe mu nyeshyamba za M23.
Abahoze ari abasirikare bakuru muri M23 mu gice cyafashwaga n'u Rwanda, batangaje ko bazi abasirikare b'u Rwanda benshi bitwaga ko ari aba M23 ariko mu by'ukuri bakaba bari abasirikare b'u Rwanda. Abatorotse igisirikare cya Kongo batangarije Human Rights Watch ko hari umubare mwinshi w'abasirikare b'u Rwanda babarirwaga muri M23, bakaba baragendaga babyivugira ntacyo bibatwaye. Bamwe mu gihe baganiraga na bagenzi babo bo muri M23, bivugiraga ukuntu bahoze mu kazi ka Loni ko kurinda amahoro muri Darfur, mbere yuko boherezwa muri Kongo kugirango bafashe inyeshyamba za M23 mu guhangana n'ingabo za Loni hamwe na Kongo.
Abaheruka gutoroka muri M23 batangarije Human Rights Watch uburyo hahoraga urujya n'uruza rw'abasirikare b'u Rwanda muri Kongo, ubundi hakaba hari igihe byatwaraga icyumweru, hakahagera abandi basirikare baje gusimbura abandi hamwe n'abandi babaga binjijwe muri M23 baturutse mu Rwanda. Hari igihe uru ruhererekane rw'abasirikare rwaterwaga n'abasirikare babaga bavuye mu Rwanda gusimbura abandi cyangwa bazanye imbunda, amasasu hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho byifashishwa ku mbunda zikomeye igihe bazirashisha, kugemura ibyo kunywa harimo amata cyangwa imifuka myinshi y'umuceri hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho biba bikenewe.
Abatorotse inyeshyamba za M23 bakaba na none baratangarije Human Rights Watch, basobanura ibiganiro by'amatelefoni byabaga hagati y'inyeshyamba za M23 hamwe n'abasirikare bakuru b'u Rwanda, hamwe n'amanama yabaga na none hagati y'inyeshyamba za M23, abayobozi bakuru ba Congo hamwe n'u Rwanda.
Abatorotse mu nyeshyamba za M23 bakoranye ibiganiro na Human Rights Watch bavuze ko abasirikare bato b'u Rwanda, abakuru hamwe n'abatoza inyeshyamba "military instructors", bahoranye n'inyeshyamba za M23 mu buzima bwa buri munsi kandi hakaba hari n'abandi bagiye binjira mu nyeshyamba za M23 baturutse i Kigali mu mezi ashize.
Umuyobozi wa Human Rights Watch ushinzwe igisate cya Afurika, Daniel Bakele, yabivuze muri aya magambo: "Mu myaka 17 ishize, igisirikare cy'u Rwanda kivogera ubusugire bwa Kongo umusubizo, ari na ko kinjiza abasirikare bacyo mu myanya itandukanye ya Kongo y'iburasirazuba yazahajwe n'intambara, ari nako kigenda kirema imitwe yitwaje intwaro igishamikiyeho, iyo mitwe ikaba yarakoze ibyaha simusiga byibasiye inyokomuntu". Yakomeje muri aya magambo: "Nkuko byagiye bigenda mu bihe byahitse, u Rwanda rwagiye ruhakana ko rudafasha inyeshyamba za M23, ariko wagera ku birindiro byazo ukuri kukaba kwivugira".
Nubwo abayobozi b'u Rwanda bagiye bahakana ukuri ko Leta yabo idashyigikiye inyeshyamba za M23, ariko yaba abayobozi batandukanye muri Leta cyangwa abashinzwe igisirikare bose bahunze ukuri, bafata icyemezo cyo kwiyumanganya bakanga gusubiza ikifuzo cya Human Rights Watch cyuko bahura bakaganira ku bibavugwaho ko bafasha inyeshyamba za M23 ku mugaragaro, mbere yuko iki cyegeranyo gishyirwa ahagaragara.
Umuryango Human Rights Watch ukaba waraboneyeho umwanya wo kwihanangiriza u Rwanda kurekeraho gutera inkunga inyeshyamba za M23 kubera imyitwarire yazo idahwitse irangwa n'ibikorwa by'urukoza soni, unasaba Loni, intumwa ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari, hamwe n'ibihugu by'abaterankunga b'u Rwanda kwamagana ku mugaragaro uburyo u Rwanda rukomeje gufasha inyeshyamba za M23 kandi bikarufatira ibihano hamwe n'abayobozi b'u Rwanda bashinzwe gutera inkunga uyu mutwe witwaje intwaro.
Amnesty International ikaba yaraboneyo umwanya wo gusaba leta ya Kongo kudahirahira ishyira abayobozi biyo mitwe yitwaje intwaro baziho gukora ibyaha by'intambara mu gihe bazaba bavanga bamwe mubasirikare biyo mitwe mu gisirikare cya Kongo "FARDC" nkimwe mu nzira yo gukemura ikibazo cy'umutekano mucye urangwa muri Kongo, binyuze mu mishyikirano.
Nkuko bamwe mu banyamakuru mpuzamahanga bari hafi y'ahaberaga imirwano banafite amafoto batangarije Human Rights Watch ikanihera amaso ayo mafoto, yerekanaga uburyo abasirikare b'abanyekongo bifashe mu buryo bwa kinyamaswa, ubwo bashinyaguriraga imirambo y'abasirikare ba M23 biciwe mu mirwano yabaye kuya 16 z'ukwa karindwi, ubwo bamwe mu nyeshyamba za M23 zishwe n'ingabo za FARDC, ikaza kuzikorera ibikorwa by'urukoza soni bambura imyenda y'izo nyeshyamba ari na ko bakoresha ibice by'imbunda gukata ibice by'igitsina by'iyo mirambo, banakoresha imvugo y'amacakubiri. Amategeko mpuzamahanga abuza "gukora ibikorwa by'urukoza soni bitesha agaciro umuntu", harimo n'umurabo wa nyakwigendera.
Human Rights Watch ikaba na none yarashyize ahagaragara uburyo igisirikare cya Kongo cyafunze abahoze ari abarwanyi ba M23 hamwe n'abo bafatanyije bafatiwe ku rugamba n'icyo gisirikare, bakamara igihe kinini badashyikirijwe inkiko kandi bafungiwe ahantu hatazwi, uku gufungirwa ahantu hatazwi bikaba byarabaye umusubizo kandi na none bafunzwe mu buzima bubi cyane.
Human Rights Watch ikaba yarasabye igisirikare cya Kongo guhana abakoze ibikorwa byo gushinyagura hamwe no gufata nabi imirambo y'abasirikare ba M23 bafatiwe ku rugamba kandi isaba ko ibyo bikorwa bihagarara ako kanya.
Igisirikare hamwe n'abashinzwe ubutabera bagomba kureba uburyo inyeshyamba zifashwe hamwe n'abasiviri bafatiwe ku rugamba igihe cy'intambara ko bagomba gufatwa nk'uko amategeko mpuzamahanga abigena harimo no gushyikirizwa abacamanza babifitiye ububasha mu nshingano zabo kugirango abo bafashe babakanire urubakwiye cyangwa barekurwe. Imfungwa z'intambara zikaba zitagomba gufatwa nabi cyangwa ngo zifungirwe mu buzima bubi budakwiye ikiremwamuntu.
Gasasira, Sweden.
